{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,3]],"date-time":"2026-09-03T05:48:42Z","timestamp":1788414522799,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740700800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nucl. Med."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Aim\/background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Dynamic PET imaging requires an input function typically obtained through blood sampling. Image-derived input functions (IDIFs) of the ascending aorta (AA), aortic arch, descending aorta (DA), or left ventricle (LV) offer non-invasive alternatives, especially with long-axial field-of-view (LAFOV) PET\/CT systems enabling whole-body dynamic <jats:sup>1<\/jats:sup>\u2078F-FDG imaging. This study aimed to validate uncorrected IDIFs derived from the AA, DA, aortic arch, and LV by comparing them to (late) venous whole-blood in patients undergoing LAFOV PET\/CT.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eleven oncology patients who underwent 70-min dynamic <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG PET\/CT scans on a LAFOV PET\/CT system after receiving an intravenous bolus injection of 3.0\u2005MBq\/kg were included. Seven venous blood samples were collected manually at approximately 5, 10, 15, 25, 35, 45, and 60\u2005min post-injection (pi) and compared to IDIFs derived from the AA, aortic arch, DA, and LV. Bias between IDIFs and venous blood samples was assessed at each time point.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>IDIF accuracy relative to venous blood samples improved over time, with a median percentage bias &amp;lt;10% after 25\u2005min pi. At 60\u2005min pi, the aortic arch showed the smallest bias (median \u22121.1%, IQR 5.9%), followed by the AA (2.5%, IQR 7.0%), DA (5.1%, IQR 8.6%), and LV (7.4%, IQR 7.6%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The high precision of aorta-derived IDIFs suggests that IDIFs are a reliable alternative to manual blood sampling for dynamic <jats:sup>18<\/jats:sup>F-FDG PET imaging on a LAFOV PET\/CT system. Using IDIFs reduces variability, simplifies protocols, minimizes radiation exposure, and enhances patient safety with a non-invasive approach.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnume.2025.1556848","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,28]],"date-time":"2025-02-28T07:01:03Z","timestamp":1740726063000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Validating image-derived input functions of dynamic 18F-FDG long axial field-of-view PET\/CT studies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"5","author":[{"given":"Charlotte L. C.","family":"Smith","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerben J. 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