{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:22:00Z","timestamp":1787026920904,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":85,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1610668800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002383","name":"King Saud University","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002383","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:italic>Grewia asiatica<\/jats:italic>\n                    L. fruit natively called phalsa is a popular berry of Pakistan and widely consumed in the form of fresh juices and carbonated drinks in the summer season. The berry is enriched with antioxidants such as phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanins, and vitamin C. Scientifically, it is the least explored berry in terms of neuromodulatory activities, and therefore, in the designed study, chronically fed rats with the different dilutions (5%\u221230%) of fruit juice were subjected to behavioral assessment for anxiety, depression, and cognition (spatial memory) followed by biochemical analysis of isolated brains. Results revealed a prominent impact of 20 and 30% dilutions of fruit exudate as treated animals showed anxiolytic behavior to central zone (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05) of open field test (OFT) and open arms of elevated plus maze (EPM) (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05) in anxiety models. Overall, immobility of rats treated with a higher concentration of exudate in forced swim test (FST) was reduced (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05) presenting antidepressant-like activity. Moreover, in learning and memory experimental models, the treated animals reversed scopolamine-induced amnesic effects as evident from improved step-through latencies (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05 vs. scopolamine; passive avoidance test), spontaneous alternation behavior (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05 vs. scopolamine; Y-maze test), discrimination index (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05 vs. scopolamine; novel object recognition test), and escape latencies (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05 vs. scopolamine; Morris water maze). Biochemical studies of isolated brains from treated rats demonstrated significantly elevated levels of superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05), whereas levels of acetylcholinesterase and malondialdehyde level (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.05) were reduced, indicating its potential to reduce oxidative damage in the brain and modulation with the cholinergic system. The outcomes of studies support the benefits of phytoconstituents possessed by\n                    <jats:italic>G. asiatica<\/jats:italic>\n                    fruit in the amelioration of neurological disorders that could be due to their antioxidative capacity or due to interaction with GABAergic, serotonergic, and cholinergic systems in the brain.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.587367","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T01:06:35Z","timestamp":1610672795000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":49,"title":["Grewia asiatica Berry Juice Diminishes Anxiety, Depression, and Scopolamine-Induced Learning and Memory Impairment in Behavioral Experimental Animal Models"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"7","author":[{"given":"Imran","family":"Imran","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sana","family":"Javaid","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aroosa","family":"Waheed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Fawad","family":"Rasool","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Majeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noreen","family":"Samad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid","family":"Saeed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faleh","family":"Alqahtani","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mohammed M.","family":"Ahmed","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faten Abdullah","family":"Alaqil","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23000","DOI":"10.3402\/qhw.v9.23000","article-title":"Young adults' use of food as a self-therapeutic intervention","volume":"9","author":"Von Essen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Qual Stud Health Well-being."},{"key":"B2","first-page":"328","article-title":"Let food be thy medicine","author":"Smith","year":"2004","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"506","DOI":"10.3945\/an.112.002154","article-title":"Health benefits of fruits and vegetables","volume":"3","author":"Slavin","year":"2012","journal-title":"Adv Nutr."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.126192","article-title":"Bioactives and health benefits of nuts and dried fruits","volume":"314","author":"Alasalvar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1080\/10286020.2011.639764","article-title":"Ethnic uses, pharmacological and phytochemical profile of genus Grewia","volume":"14","author":"Ullah","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Asian Nat Prod Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2663","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules18032663","article-title":"Grewia asiatica L., a food plant with multiple uses","volume":"18","author":"Zia-Ul-Haq","year":"2013","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2476","DOI":"10.1094\/pdis-04-19-0688-pdn","article-title":"First report of fusarium rot of phalsa (Grewia asiatica) Caused by Fusarium solani in Pakistan","volume":"103","author":"Moosa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Dis."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549743","DOI":"10.1155\/2015\/549743","article-title":"Antihyperglycemic potential of Grewia asiatica fruit extract against streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia in rats: anti-inflammatory and antioxidant mechanisms","volume":"2015","author":"Khattab","year":"2015","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev."},{"key":"B9","volume-title":"Fruits of Warm Climates","author":"Morton","year":"2013"},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"594","DOI":"10.5897\/jmpr2015.5724","article-title":"Nutritional and medicinal potential of Grewia subinaequalis DC. (syn. G. asiatica.) (Phalsa)","volume":"9","author":"Jyoti","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Med Plants Res."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.3233\/JBR-180332","article-title":"Phalsa (Grewia asiatica L) fruit berry a promising functional food ingredient: a comprehensive review","volume":"9","author":"Khan","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Berry Res."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.15406\/mojfpt.2017.05.00127","article-title":"Analysis and characterization of anthocyanin from phalsa (Grewia asiatica)","volume":"5","author":"Talpur","year":"2017","journal-title":"MOJ Food Process Technol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3060","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11123060","article-title":"Association of strawberries and anthocyanidin intake with alzheimer's dementia risk","volume":"11","author":"Agarwal","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"636","DOI":"10.1021\/jf072505f","article-title":"Berry fruit supplementation and the aging brain","volume":"56","author":"Shukitt-Hale","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5709","DOI":"10.1021\/jf2036033","article-title":"Berry fruit enhances beneficial signaling in the brain","volume":"60","author":"Miller","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"B16","unstructured":"Growing burden of neurological diseases in Pakistan\u2013need for a national health survey24950\n            WasayM\n            AliS\n          20419960J Pak Med Assoc.602010"},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1007\/s41019-016-0011-3","article-title":"Medical big data: neurological diseases diagnosis through medical data analysis","volume":"1","author":"Siuly","year":"2016","journal-title":"Data Sci Eng."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1212\/WNL.0000000000000610","article-title":"The global burden of neurologic diseases","volume":"83","author":"Chin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Neurology."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.59.7.1194","article-title":"Nervous system disorders: a global epidemic","volume":"59","author":"Bergen","year":"2002","journal-title":"Arch Neurol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1097\/01.nt.0000516003.92876.07","article-title":"Neurologists tackle high costs of prescription drugs","volume":"17","author":"Fitzgerald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurol Today."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"351","DOI":"10.3949\/ccjm.73.4.351","article-title":"Side effects of antidepressants: an overview","volume":"73","author":"Khawam","year":"2006","journal-title":"Cleve Clin J Med."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2013.00177","article-title":"The growing use of herbal medicines: issues relating to adverse reactions and challenges in monitoring safety","volume":"4","author":"Ekor","year":"2014","journal-title":"Front Neurol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"449","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtusci.2014.11.001","article-title":"Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid content, antimicrobial and antioxidant activity of a root extract of Arisaema jacquemontii Blume","volume":"9","author":"Baba","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Taibah Univ Sci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5282","DOI":"10.13040\/IJPSR.0975-8232.8(12).5282-85","article-title":"Determination of total flavonoid and phenol content in Mimusops elengi Linn","volume":"8","author":"Mathur","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Sci Res."},{"key":"B25","unstructured":"Total anthocyanin content and antioxidant activity of germinated colored rice21521\n            SudaratJ\n          Int Food Res J.192012"},{"key":"B26","first-page":"244","article-title":"Antioxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging method of Ageratum conyzoides Linn. Leaves","volume":"1","author":"Chandra Shekhar","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Ethnomed."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjbas.2016.12.003","article-title":"In vitro antioxidant activity, total phenolic and flavonoid contents of ethanol extract of stem and leaf of Grewia carpinifolia","volume":"6","author":"Adebiyi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Beni-Suef Univ J Basic Appl Sci"},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(61)90145-9","article-title":"A new and rapid colorimetric determination of acetylcholinesterase activity","volume":"7","author":"Ellman","year":"1961","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291","DOI":"10.5941\/MYCO.2016.44.4.291","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant, anti-cholinesterase, and anti-inflammatory effects of culinary mushroom Pleurotus pulmonarius","volume":"44","author":"Nguyen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Mycobiology"},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"400","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8090400","article-title":"Antioxidant and anticholinesterase activities of Macrosphyra Longistyla (DC) hiern relevant in the management of Alzheimer's disease","volume":"8","author":"Elufioye","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxidants."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e52434","DOI":"10.3791\/52434","article-title":"Use of the open field maze to measure locomotor and anxiety-like behavior in mice","volume":"6","author":"Seibenhener","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Vis Exp"},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1159\/000492268","article-title":"Categories of wistar rats based on anxiety traits: a study using factor and cluster method","volume":"25","author":"Radhakrishnan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Neurosci."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1547","DOI":"10.1016\/S1734-1140(11)70719-8","article-title":"Anxiolytic-like effects of olanzapine, risperidone and fluoxetine in the elevated plus-maze test in rats","volume":"63","author":"Rog\u00f3z","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rep."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2018.07.007","article-title":"Anxiolytic-like effect of the aqueous extract of Justicia spicigera leaves on female rats: a comparison to diazepam","volume":"55","author":"Garc\u00eda-R\u00edos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Phytomedicine."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2014.10.009","article-title":"Evidence for the involvement of extinction-associated inhibitory learning in the forced swimming test","volume":"278","author":"Campus","year":"2015","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"204","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pnpbp.2009.11.006","article-title":"The effects of rutin on a passive avoidance test in rats","volume":"34","author":"Nassiri-Asl","year":"2010","journal-title":"Prog Neuro-Psychopharmacology Biol Psychiatry."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1080\/01480545.2018.1463238","article-title":"Beneficial effects of Urtica dioica on scopolamine-induced memory impairment in rats: protection against acetylcholinesterase activity and neuronal oxidative damage","volume":"42","author":"Ghasemi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Drug Chem Toxicol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.alcohol.2018.07.013","article-title":"Offspring of male rats exposed to binge alcohol exhibit heightened ethanol intake at infancy and alterations in T-maze performance","volume":"76","author":"Hollander","year":"2019","journal-title":"Alcohol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"220","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2008.05.020","article-title":"Ganglioside GQ1b improves spatial learning and memory of rats as measured by the Y-maze and the Morris water maze tests","volume":"439","author":"Jung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8.31.1","DOI":"10.1002\/0471142301.ns0831s69","article-title":"Examining object location and object recognition memory in mice","volume":"2014","author":"Vogel-Ciernia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Protoc Neurosci."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2531","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2013.155","article-title":"Object recognition test in mice","volume":"8","author":"Leger","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Protoc."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neulet.2016.11.026","article-title":"Levodopa improves learning and memory ability on global cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injured rats in the Morris water maze test","volume":"636","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Neurosci Lett."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"316","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2011.05.017","article-title":"Beneficial effects of resveratrol on scopolamine but not mecamylamine induced memory impairment in the passive avoidance and Morris water maze tests in rats","volume":"99","author":"Gacar","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"144","DOI":"10.3390\/medicina56030144","article-title":"Amelioration of scopolamine-induced amnesic, anxiolytic and antidepressant effects of ficus benghalensis in behavioral experimental models","volume":"56","author":"Malik","year":"2020","journal-title":"Medicina."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1201","DOI":"10.1590\/S0100-879X2002001000013","article-title":"Effects of caffeine on learning and memory in rats tested in the Morris water maze","volume":"35","author":"Angelucci","year":"2002","journal-title":"Brazilian J Med Biol Res"},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.brainresbull.2015.04.001","article-title":"Pretreatment with curcumin attenuates anxiety while strengthens memory performance after one short stress experience in male rats","volume":"115","author":"Haider","year":"2015","journal-title":"Brain Res Bull."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02533017","article-title":"An enzymatic protective mechanism against lipid peroxidation damage to lungs of ozone-exposed rats","volume":"7","author":"Chow","year":"1972","journal-title":"Lipids."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1021\/jf010865b","article-title":"Studies on the antioxidant activity of pomegranate (Punica granatum) peel and seed extracts using in vitro models","volume":"50","author":"Singh","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115","DOI":"10.3233\/JBR-190459","article-title":"Anticancer and anti-inflammatory perspectives of Pakistan's indigenous berry Grewia asiatica Linn (Phalsa)","volume":"10","author":"Qamar","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Berry Res."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.5772\/66368","article-title":"Phenolic compounds: functional properties, impact of processing and bioavailability","volume-title":"Phenolic Compounds - Biological Activity.","author":"Minatel","year":"2017"},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0002-8223(99)00051-6","article-title":"Characteristics and occurrence of phenolic phytochemicals","volume":"99","author":"King","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Am Diet Assoc."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1763","DOI":"10.1016\/0006-2952(89)90410-3","article-title":"Chelating and free radical scavenging mechanisms of inhibitory action of rutin and quercetin in lipid peroxidation","volume":"38","author":"Afanas'ev","year":"1989","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1001\/archneur.57.9.1265","article-title":"Antioxidant therapy in neurologic disease","volume":"57","author":"Delanty","year":"2000","journal-title":"Arch Neurol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.5564\/mjas.v15i2.567","article-title":"Strengthening the conservation and sustainable use of plant genetic resources for food and agriculture in Mongolia","volume":"15","author":"Bayarsukh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mong J Agric Sci."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"42","DOI":"10.3390\/plants6040042","article-title":"Phytochemicals: extraction, isolation, and identification of bioactive compounds from plant extracts","volume":"6","author":"Altemimi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Plants."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"234","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1476-5381.2011.01228.x","article-title":"Flavonoid modulation of GABA A receptors","volume":"163","author":"Hanrahan","year":"2011","journal-title":"Br J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3111","DOI":"10.1039\/c6fo00321d","article-title":"Reduction of anxiety-like and depression-like behaviors in rats after one month of drinking: Aronia melanocarpa berry juice","volume":"7","author":"Tomi\u0107","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e01633","DOI":"10.1002\/brb3.1633","article-title":"Protective effect of epigallocatechin-3-gallate against neuroinflammation and anxiety-like behavior in a rat model of myocardial infarction","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Brain Behav."},{"key":"B59","first-page":"p. 135","article-title":"Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors","volume-title":"Handbook of Experimental Pharmacology","author":"Lochmann","year":"2019"},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1002\/dneu.20758","article-title":"The role of BDNF and its receptors in depression and antidepressant drug action: reactivation of developmental plasticity","volume":"70","author":"Castr\u00e9n","year":"2010","journal-title":"Dev Neurobiol."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"999","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23050999","article-title":"Dietary polyphenol intake and depression: results from the mediterranean healthy eating, lifestyle and aging (MEAL) study","volume":"23","author":"Godos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104673","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psyneuen.2020.104673","article-title":"Polyphenols selectively reverse early-life stress-induced behavioural, neurochemical and microbiota changes in the rat","volume":"116","author":"Donoso","year":"2020","journal-title":"Psychoneuroendocrinology."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"456","DOI":"10.1038\/d41586-019-02133-2","article-title":"Depression researchers rethink popular mouse swim tests","volume":"571","author":"Reardon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1642","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jagp.2014.02.007","article-title":"Subjective cognitive concerns and neuropsychiatric predictors of progression to the early clinical stages of Alzheimer disease","volume":"22","author":"Donovan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Geriatr Psychiatry."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbr.2010.11.036","article-title":"The cholinergic system and spatial learning","volume":"221","author":"Deiana","year":"2011","journal-title":"Behav Brain Res."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"874","DOI":"10.4014\/jmb.1104.04012","article-title":"Rehmannia glutinosa ameliorates scopolamine-induced learning and memory impairment in rats","volume":"21","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Microbiol Biotechnol."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2018.03.007","article-title":"Flavonoids as acetylcholinesterase inhibitors: current therapeutic standing and future prospects","volume":"101","author":"Khan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1189","DOI":"10.2174\/092986707780597961","article-title":"Microglial activation and its implications in the brain diseases","volume":"14","author":"Thameem Dheen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1136\/svn-2016-000012","article-title":"Neurotransmitter receptors on microglia","volume":"1","author":"Liu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Stroke Vasc Neurol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S40","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114510003934","article-title":"The impact of fruit flavonoids on memory and cognition","volume":"104","author":"Spencer","year":"2010","journal-title":"Br J Nutr."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1017\/jns.2018.10","article-title":"Polyphenol-rich extract from grape and blueberry attenuates cognitive decline and improves neuronal function in aged mice","volume":"7","author":"Bensalem","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Nutr Sci."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9","DOI":"10.3389\/fnbeh.2016.00009","article-title":"Dietary polyphenol supplementation prevents alterations of spatial navigation in middle-aged mice","volume":"10","author":"Bensalem","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Behav Neurosci."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neures.2019.05.001","article-title":"Coffee polyphenols prevent cognitive dysfunction and suppress amyloid \u03b2 plaques in APP\/PS2 transgenic mouse","volume":"154","author":"Ishida","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurosci Res."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23040814","article-title":"Role of plant-derived flavonoids and their mechanism in attenuation of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases: an update of recent data","volume":"23","author":"Hussain","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"541971","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/541971","article-title":"The role of dietary polyphenols on adult hippocampal neurogenesis: molecular mechanisms and behavioural effects on depression and anxiety","volume":"2012","author":"Dias","year":"2012","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"B76","unstructured":"Kinetics of butyrylcholinesterase inhibition by an ethanolic extract of Shorea robusta9758\n            ShekharC\n            KumarS\n          Int J Pharm Sci and Res.52014"},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0891-5849(96)00629-6","article-title":"Oxidative stress hypothesis in Alzheimer's disease","volume":"23","author":"Markesbery","year":"1997","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.2174\/1570159x11666131120230309","article-title":"Oxidative stress and psychological disorders","volume":"12","author":"Salim","year":"2014","journal-title":"Curr Neuropharmacol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbb.2006.05.001","article-title":"Behavioral and genoprotective effects of Vaccinium berries intake in mice","volume":"84","author":"Barros","year":"2006","journal-title":"Pharmacol Biochem Behav."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.1159\/000356422","article-title":"Memory function the hippocampus","volume-title":"The Hippocampus in Clinical Neuroscience.","author":"Opitz","year":"2014"},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111","DOI":"10.1080\/10284150500078117","article-title":"Anthocyanins in aged blueberry-fed rats are found centrally and may enhance memory","volume":"8","author":"Andres-Lacueva","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutr Neurosci."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2019.00072","article-title":"Plasma Vitamin C concentrations and cognitive function: a cross-sectional study","volume":"11","author":"Travica","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Aging Neurosci."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cccn.2003.11.003","article-title":"Antioxidant potential of vitamins A, E and C in modulating oxidative stress in rat brain","volume":"340","author":"Zaidi","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"719","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2008.12.018","article-title":"Vitamin C function in the brain: vital role of the ascorbate transporter SVCT2","volume":"46","author":"Harrison","year":"2009","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1164","DOI":"10.5114\/aoms.2015.56342","article-title":"Brain-derived neurotrophic factor and its clinical Implications","volume":"11","author":"Bathina","year":"2015","journal-title":"Arch Med Sci."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2020.587367\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]],"date-time":"2021-01-15T01:06:53Z","timestamp":1610672813000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2020.587367\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"references-count":85,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2020.587367"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2020.587367","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,15]]},"article-number":"587367"}}