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Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Recent evidences suggest that gut microbiota plays an important role in regulating physiological and metabolic activities of pregnant sows, and \u03b2-carotene has a potentially positive effect on reproduction, but the impact of \u03b2-carotene on gut microbiota in pregnant sows remains unknown. This study aimed to explore the effect and mechanisms of \u03b2-carotene on the reproductive performance of sows from the aspect of gut microbiota. A total of 48 hybrid pregnant sows (Landrace \u00d7 Yorkshire) with similar parity were randomly allocated into three groups (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>= 16) and fed with a basal diet or a diet containing 30 or 90 mg\/kg of \u03b2-carotene from day 90 of gestation until parturition. Dietary supplementation of 30 or 90 mg\/kg \u03b2-carotene increased the number of live birth to 11.82 \u00b1 1.54 and 12.29 \u00b1 2.09, respectively, while the control group was 11.00 \u00b1 1.41 (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>= 0.201). Moreover, \u03b2-carotene increased significantly the serum nitric oxide (NO) level and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.05). Characterization of fecal microbiota revealed that 90 mg\/kg \u03b2-carotene increased the diversity of the gut flora (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>&amp;lt; 0.05). In particular, \u03b2-carotene decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes including<jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae<\/jats:italic>AC2044 group,<jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae<\/jats:italic>NK4B4 group and<jats:italic>Ruminococcaceae<\/jats:italic>UCG-008, but enriched Proteobacteria including<jats:italic>Bilophila<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Sutterella<\/jats:italic>, and Actinobacteria including<jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>and<jats:italic>Corynebacterium<\/jats:italic>1 which are related to NO synthesis. These data demonstrated that dietary supplementation of \u03b2-carotene may increase antioxidant enzyme activity and NO, an important vasodilator to promote the neonatal blood circulation, through regulating gut microbiota in sows.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2020.612875","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2020,12,14]],"date-time":"2020-12-14T06:35:34Z","timestamp":1607927734000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":34,"title":["Modulation of Gut Microbiota and Oxidative Status by \u03b2-Carotene in Late Pregnant 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