{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T01:09:12Z","timestamp":1790730552250,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":36,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1617926400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Dietary components are known to affect chronic low-grade inflammation status. The dietary inflammatory index (DII\u00ae) was developed to measure the potential impact of a diet on an individual's inflammatory status, and it has been validated mainly in Western countries.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    This study aimed to examine the validity of the energy-adjusted DII (E-DII\n                    <jats:sup>TM<\/jats:sup>\n                    ) using high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) concentration in Japanese men and women.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    In total, 6,474 volunteers from a cancer-screening program (3,825 men and 2,649 women) completed a food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and their hs-CRP concentrations were evaluated. E-DII scores were calculated on the basis of 30 food parameters derived from the FFQ. Higher E-DII scores reflect a greater pro-inflammatory potential of the diet. The associations between E-DII quartiles and hs-CRP concentration were assessed using regression models adjusted for age, body mass index, smoking status, and amount of physical activity.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Mean E-DII in men and women was + 0.62 \u00b1 1.93 and \u22121.01 \u00b1 2.25, respectively. The proportion of men and women who had hs-CRP concentration &amp;gt;3 mg\/L was 4.7 and 3.1%, respectively. A significant positive association was observed between E-DII score and hs-CRP concentration in men; geometric mean of hs-CRP concentration in the lowest and highest E-DII quartiles was 0.56 mg\/L and 0.67 mg\/L (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.01), respectively. The odds ratio (95% confidence interval) of having an elevated hs-CRP concentration (&amp;gt;3 mg\/L) was 1.72 (1.10\u20132.67) in the highest E-DII quartile (\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sub>trend<\/jats:sub>\n                    = 0.03) in men. However, no association was observed between E-DII score and hs-CRP concentration in women, except in those not taking prescription medications.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusions:<\/jats:bold>\n                    DII was associated with inflammation status in Japanese men, but the association was limited in Japanese women.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.604296","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]],"date-time":"2021-04-09T01:03:39Z","timestamp":1617930219000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":47,"title":["Dietary Inflammatory Index Is Associated With Inflammation in Japanese Men"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Ayaka","family":"Kotemori","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Norie","family":"Sawada","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Motoki","family":"Iwasaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Taiki","family":"Yamaji","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nitin","family":"Shivappa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"Hebert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junko","family":"Ishihara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Manami","family":"Inoue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shoichiro","family":"Tsugane","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.7314\/APJCP.2013.14.1.243","article-title":"Association between C-reactive protein and risk of cancer: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"14","author":"Guo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asian Pac J Cancer Prev."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"712","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgq010","article-title":"Plasma levels of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid a and gastric cancer in a nested case-control study: Japan public health center-based prospective study","volume":"31","author":"Sasazuki","year":"2010","journal-title":"Carcinogenesis."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-05-0708","article-title":"Japan public health center-based prospective study group. 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