{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T14:07:00Z","timestamp":1790777220066,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1620691200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold> Ischemia\u2013reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the main causes of acute kidney injury. Our previous results have shown that anti-oxidative stress decreased in the renal IRI model. This study aimed to investigate the effect of <jats:italic>Lactobacillus acidophilus<\/jats:italic> ATCC 4356 on oxidative stress, inflammation, and intestinal flora in renal IRI.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold> The model of renal IRI was established by cross-clamping the renal pedicle with non-traumatic vascular forceps. H&amp;amp;E staining was applied to observe the damage of kidney tissue in each group. The concentrations of serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (Cre), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were detected by biochemical kit. ELISA measured the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1\u03b2, IL-8, IL-4, and IL-10. qRT-PCR was performed to detect molecular expressions of ATCC 4356, oxidative stress-related factors [nuclear factor-related factor 2 (Nrf2), heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1)], inflammatory factors [tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-8, interferon (IFN)-\u03b3, IL-4, IL-10], and apoptosis-related factors [caspase 3, Bax, Bcl2, high-mobility group box protein 1 (HMGB1)]. Except for ATCC 4356, the protein expression of the above indicators was detected by Western blot. The apoptosis level of renal tissue cells was detected by TdT-mediated dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL). 16S rDNA gene sequencing was used to detect the changes of microbial species in the contents of the duodenum and screen out the differentially expressed flora.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold> Both the glomeruli and renal tubules of ischemia\/reperfusion (I\/R) mice were severely damaged. H&amp;amp;E result displayed that <jats:italic>L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic> ATCC 4356 attenuated the infiltration of inflammatory cells caused by I\/R. ATCC 4356 reduced the high expression of BUN and Cre in I\/R mice with a dose effect. It also reduced the high expression of MDA, TNF-\u03b1, IL-1\u03b2, IL-8, IFN-\u03b3, caspase 3, Bax, and HMGB1 in I\/R mice, while it increased the low expression of SOD, GSH, Nrf2, HO-1, IL-4, IL-10, and Bcl2 in I\/R mice. ATCC 4356 inhibited the high level of apoptosis in the kidney tissue of I\/R mice. In IRI mice, the top 3 different gut microbiota were <jats:italic>Helicobacter, cultivated_bacterium<\/jats:italic>, and <jats:italic>k__Bacteria_ASV_3<\/jats:italic> compared with sham mice. Oral <jats:italic>L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic> ATCC 4356 reversed this change.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold><jats:italic>L. acidophilus<\/jats:italic> ATCC 4356 attenuated renal IRI through anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory response and improved the intestinal microbial distribution.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.667695","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T05:34:31Z","timestamp":1620711271000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":26,"title":["Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 Alleviates Renal Ischemia\u2013Reperfusion Injury Through Antioxidant Stress and Anti-inflammatory Responses and Improves Intestinal Microbial Distribution"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Peng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiuwu","family":"Han","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xin","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuhui","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101195","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2019.101195","article-title":"Inhibition of Brd4 alleviates renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury-induced apoptosis and endoplasmic reticulum stress by blocking FoxO4-mediated oxidative stress","volume":"24","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1016\/j.kint.2018.10.009","article-title":"Ischemia-reperfusion injury in renal transplantation: 3 key signaling pathways in tubular epithelial cells","volume":"95","author":"Smith","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"F149","DOI":"10.1152\/ajprenal.00099.2020","article-title":"Sex differences in renal ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"319","author":"Hosszu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Renal Physiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2017.07.032","article-title":"Aripiprazole prevents renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury in rats, probably through nitric oxide involvement","volume":"813","author":"Gholampour","year":"2017","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"750","DOI":"10.1080\/0886022X.2019.1643737","article-title":"Diabetes aggravates renal ischemia and reperfusion injury in rats by exacerbating oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis","volume":"41","author":"Gong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Ren Fail."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1677","DOI":"10.1159\/000487735","article-title":"Resveratrol alleviates inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in rat kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury and H2O2-induced NRK-52E cells via the Nrf2\/TLR4\/NF-\u03baB pathway","volume":"45","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"556","DOI":"10.3389\/fgene.2018.00556","article-title":"FGF10 protects against renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury by regulating autophagy and inflammatory signaling","volume":"9","author":"Tan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Genet."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"336","DOI":"10.1007\/s10753-019-01123-w","article-title":"Nobiletin protects from renal ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats by suppressing inflammatory cytokines and regulating iNOS-eNOS expressions","volume":"43","author":"G\u00fcven\u00e7","year":"2020","journal-title":"Inflammation."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"540479","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2020.540479","article-title":"Gastrin attenuates renal ischemia\/reperfusion injury by a PI3K\/Akt\/Bad-mediated anti-apoptosis signaling","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"152","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2018.01.020","article-title":"Gut microbiota and probiotics intervention: a potential therapeutic target for management of cardiometabolic disorders and chronic kidney disease?","volume":"130","author":"Cavalcanti Neto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2013.05.018","article-title":"Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 attenuates the atherosclerotic progression through modulation of oxidative stress and inflammatory process","volume":"17","author":"Chen","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"493","DOI":"10.18502\/ijrm.v17i7.4861","article-title":"The effects of the Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 on the oxidative stress of reproductive system in diabetic male rats","volume":"17","author":"Sheikh Hosseini","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Biomed."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1543","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxz105","article-title":"Lactobacillus acidophilus exerts neuroprotective effects in mice with traumatic brain injury","volume":"149","author":"Ma","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/S0168-1605(01)00550-5","article-title":"Effects of different probiotic strains of Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium on bacterial translocation and liver injury in an acute liver injury model","volume":"70","author":"Adawi","year":"2001","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1450","DOI":"10.1681\/ASN.2016030255","article-title":"Depletion of gut microbiota protects against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"28","author":"Emal","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Am Soc Nephrol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0150863","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0150863","article-title":"Preclinical evidence for the efficacy of ischemic postconditioning against renal ischemia-reperfusion injury, a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"11","author":"Jonker","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2016.03.015","article-title":"Renoprotective approaches and strategies in acute kidney injury","volume":"163","author":"Yang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"174","DOI":"10.18869\/acadpub.ibj.21.3.174","article-title":"The Effect of Oral Consumption of Probiotics in Prevention of Heart Injury in a Rat Myocardial Infarction Model: a Histopathological, Hemodynamic and Biochemical Evaluation","volume":"21","author":"Sadeghzadeh","year":"2017","journal-title":"Iran Biomed J."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-020-02475-3","article-title":"Hepatoprotective effects of selenium-enriched probiotics supplementation on heat-stressed wistar rat through anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects","author":"Malyar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res"},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2345658","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2345658","article-title":"Inhibition of PRMT5 attenuates oxidative stress-induced pyroptosis via activation of the Nrf2\/HO-1 signal pathway in a mouse model of renal ischemia-reperfusion injury","volume":"2019","author":"Diao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2017.0035","article-title":"Lactobacillus acidophilus and Clostridium butyricum ameliorate colitis in murine by strengthening the gut barrier function and decreasing inflammatory factors","volume":"9","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Benef Microbes."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.3920\/BM2015.0119","article-title":"Immunological mechanisms involved in probiotic-mediated protection against Citrobacter rodentium-induced colitis","volume":"7","author":"Jiang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Benef Microbes."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"573","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-018-2213-1","article-title":"Probiotics ameliorate renal ischemia-reperfusion injury by modulating the phenotype of macrophages through the IL-10\/GSK-3\u03b2\/PTEN signaling pathway","volume":"471","author":"Ding","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pflugers Arch."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c06346","article-title":"Lactobacillus plantarum KLDS1.0344 and Lactobacillus acidophilus KLDS1.0901 mixture prevents chronic alcoholic liver injury in mice by protecting the intestinal barrier and regulating gut microbiota and liver-related pathways","volume":"69","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.semnephrol.2018.10.009","article-title":"Gut microbiota-kidney cross-talk in acute kidney injury","volume":"39","author":"Gong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Semin Nephrol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"964","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2017.09.108","article-title":"Gut microbial metabolite TMAO contributes to renal dysfunction in a mouse model of diet-induced obesity","volume":"493","author":"Sun","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-019-0279-8","article-title":"Rebalancing of the gut flora and microbial metabolism is responsible for the anti-arthritis effect of kaempferol","volume":"41","author":"Aa","year":"2020","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.221","article-title":"Surface-layer protein produced by Lactobacillus crispatus JCM 2009 ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation through autophagy cross-talk with the NF-\u03baB signaling pathway","volume":"166","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2021.667695\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]],"date-time":"2021-05-11T05:34:34Z","timestamp":1620711274000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2021.667695\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"references-count":28,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2021.667695"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2021.667695","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,5,11]]},"article-number":"667695"}}