{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T17:33:29Z","timestamp":1791999209556,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1634169600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31472128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31472128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["31672460"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["31672460"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2006C12086"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2006C12086"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004731","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["LZ20C170002"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["LZ20C170002"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004731","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Clostridium perfringens<\/jats:italic> is an important zoonotic pathogen associated with food contamination and poisoning, gas gangrene, necrotizing enterocolitis or necrotic enteritis in humans and animals. Dysbacteriosis is supposedly associated with the development of <jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic> infection induced necrotic enteritis, but the detailed relationship between intestinal health, microbiome, and <jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic> infection-induced necrotic enteritis remains poorly understood. This research investigated the effect of probiotics on the growth performance and intestinal health of broilers, and the involved roles of intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolic functions under <jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic> infection. Results showed that subclinical necrotic enteritis was successfully induced as evidenced by the significant lower body weight (BW), suppressed feed conversion ratio (FCR), decreased ileal villus height and mucosal barrier function, and increased ileal histopathological score and bursal weight index. <jats:italic>Lactobacillus plantarum<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Paenibacillus polymyxa<\/jats:italic> significantly attenuated <jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic>-induced compromise of growth performance (BW, FCR) and ileal mucosa damage as illustrated by the increased ileal villus height and villus\/crypt ratio, the decreased ileal histopathological score and the enhanced ileal mucosal barrier function. <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> also significantly alleviated <jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic>-induced enlarged bursa of fabricius and the decreased levels of ileal total SCFAs, acetate, lactate, and butyrate. Furthermore, dietary <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> improved <jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic> infection-induced intestinal dysbiosis as evidenced by significantly enriched short-chain fatty acids-producing bacteria (<jats:italic>Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Oscillospira, Faecalibacterium, Blautia<\/jats:italic>), reduced drug-resistant bacteria (<jats:italic>Bacteroides, Alistipes<\/jats:italic>) and enteric pathogens (<jats:italic>Escherichia coli, Bacteroides fragilis<\/jats:italic>) and bacterial metabolic dysfunctions as illustrated by significantly increased bacterial fatty acid biosynthesis, decreased bacterial lipopolysaccharide biosynthesis, and antibiotic biosynthesis (streptomycin and vancomycin). Additionally, the BW and intestinal SCFAs were the principal factors affecting the bacterial communities and microbial metabolic functions. The above findings indicate that dietary with <jats:italic>L. plantarum<\/jats:italic> attenuates <jats:italic>C. perfringens<\/jats:italic>-induced compromise of growth performance and intestinal dysbiosis by increasing SCFAs and improving intestinal health in broilers.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.706148","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T05:18:03Z","timestamp":1634188683000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":33,"title":["Dietary Supplementation With Lactobacillus plantarum Ameliorates Compromise of Growth Performance by Modulating Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Intestinal Dysbiosis in Broilers Under Clostridium perfringens Challenge"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Baikui","family":"Wang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yuanhao","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Mao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shujie","family":"Xu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Qianpeng","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huihua","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Weifen","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1080\/03079457.2016.1139688","article-title":"The pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis in chickens: what we know and what we need to know: a review","volume":"45","author":"Prescott","year":"2016","journal-title":"Avian Pathol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1089\/fpd.2012.1316","article-title":"Epidemiology of foodborne disease outbreaks caused by clostridium perfringens, United States, 1998-2010","volume":"10","author":"Grass","year":"2013","journal-title":"Foodborne Pathog Dis."},{"key":"B3","unstructured":"The true cost of necrotic enteritis167\n            WadeB\n            KeyburnA\n          World Poult.312015"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1381","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2010-01319","article-title":"Avian necrotic enteritis: Experimental models, host immunity, pathogenesis, risk factors, vaccine development","volume":"90","author":"Lee","year":"2011","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1336","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2015.01336","article-title":"Alternatives to antibiotics to prevent necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens: a microbiologist's perspective","volume":"6","author":"Caly","year":"2015","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2466","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2007-00249","article-title":"History of the use of antibiotic as growth promoters in European poultry feeds","volume":"86","author":"Castanon","year":"2007","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"B7","unstructured":"Announcement of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural People's Republic of China2019"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1929","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pey082","article-title":"An optimist's view on limiting necrotic enteritis and maintaining broiler gut health and performance in today's marketing, food safety, regulatory climate","volume":"97","author":"Hofacre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2015.02.004","article-title":"Towards the control of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens with in-feed antibiotics phasing-out worldwide","volume":"1","author":"M'Sadeq","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"227","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-032713-120238","article-title":"Microbiota-mediated inflammation and antimicrobial defense in the intestine","volume":"33","author":"Caballero","year":"2015","journal-title":"Annu Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1223490","article-title":"Interactions between the microbiota and the immune system","volume":"336","author":"Hooper","year":"2012","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-051116-052424","article-title":"Mucosal ecological network of epithelium and immune cells for gut homeostasis and tissue healing","volume":"35","author":"Kurashima","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciw016","article-title":"A necrotizing enterocolitis-associated gut microbiota is present in the meconium: results of a prospective study","volume":"62","author":"Heida","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Infect Dis."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2800","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez084","article-title":"Effect of different challenge models to induce necrotic enteritis on the growth performance and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens","volume":"98","author":"Bortoluzzi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"469","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-022513-114149","article-title":"Gastrointestinal tract microbiota and probiotics in production animals","volume":"2","author":"Yeoman","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Rev Animal Biosci."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-animal-022114-111123","article-title":"The role of direct-fed microbials in conventional livestock production","volume":"4","author":"Buntyn","year":"2016","journal-title":"Annu Rev Anim Biosci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1600240","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201600240","article-title":"Probiotics, gut microbiota, and their influence on host health and disease","volume":"61","author":"Sanchez","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"205","DOI":"10.1080\/87559129.2010.484113","article-title":"Lactobacillus plantarum: characterization of the species and application in food production","volume":"26","author":"Todorov","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Rev Int."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12735","DOI":"10.1111\/jfs.12735","article-title":"Plantaricin bacteriocins: As safe alternative antimicrobial peptides in food preservation-A review","volume":"40","author":"Kareem","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Food Safety."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"527","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2014.07.041","article-title":"Overview of Lactobacillus plantarum as a promising bacteriocin producer among lactic acid bacteria","volume":"64","author":"Sabo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Res Int."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1128\/Aem.02023-06","article-title":"Isolation and identification of a Paenibacillus polymyxa strain that coproduces a novel lantibiotic and polymyxin","volume":"73","author":"He","year":"2007","journal-title":"Appl Environ Microb."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1128\/Jb.01234-10","article-title":"Complete genome sequence of paenibacillus polymyxa SC2, a strain of plant growth-promoting rhizobacterium with broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity","volume":"193","author":"Ma","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Bacteriol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5356","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.07.045","article-title":"Saccharomyces boulardii attenuates inflammatory response induced by Clostridium perfringens via TLR4\/TLR15-MyD8 pathway in HD11 avian macrophages","volume":"99","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-018-0243-3","article-title":"Effects of Lactobacillus acidophilus on the growth performance and intestinal health of broilers challenged with Clostridium perfringens","volume":"9","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez496","article-title":"A novel Bacillus based multi-strain probiotic improves growth performance and intestinal properties of Clostridium perfringens challenged broilers","volume":"99","author":"Ramlucken","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e680742","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.680742","article-title":"Dietary Lactobacillus fermentum and Bacillus coagulans supplementation modulates intestinal immunity and microbiota of broiler chickens challenged by Clostridium perfringens","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679368","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2021.679368","article-title":"Effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens instead of antibiotics on growth performance, intestinal health and intestinal microbiota of broilers","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B28","volume-title":"Nutrient Requirements of Poultry (9th rev. ed.)","author":"Council","year":"1994"},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837","DOI":"10.3382\/ps.2011-01853","article-title":"Efficacy of protected sodium butyrate, a protected blend of essential oils, their combination, and Bacillus amyloliquefaciens spore suspension against artificially induced necrotic enteritis in broilers","volume":"91","author":"Jerzsele","year":"2012","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1038\/nmeth.f.303","article-title":"QIIME allows analysis of high-throughput community sequencing data","volume":"7","author":"Caporaso","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nat Methods."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"814","DOI":"10.1038\/nbt.2676","article-title":"Predictive functional profiling of microbial communities using 16S rRNA marker gene sequences","volume":"31","author":"Langille","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Biotechnol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3123","DOI":"10.1093\/bioinformatics\/btu494","article-title":"STAMP: statistical analysis of taxonomic and functional profiles","volume":"30","author":"Parks","year":"2014","journal-title":"Bioinformatics."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-020-18706-z","article-title":"Gene-informed decomposition model predicts lower soil carbon loss due to persistent microbial adaptation to warming","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nat Commun."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-017-0389-9","article-title":"Cropping practices manipulate abundance patterns of root and soil microbiome members paving the way to smart farming","volume":"6","author":"Hartman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microbiome."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2008.09.005","article-title":"Rethinking our understanding of the pathogenesis of necrotic enteritis in chickens","volume":"17","author":"Van Immerseel","year":"2009","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-020-00441-6","article-title":"A secondary bile acid from microbiota metabolism attenuates ileitis and bile acid reduction in subclinical necrotic enteritis in chickens","volume":"11","author":"Bansal","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechno."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2017.05.004","article-title":"The role of supplemental glycine in establishing a subclinical necrotic enteritis challenge model in broiler chickens","volume":"3","author":"Xue","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-020-00508-4","article-title":"Modulations of genes related to gut integrity, apoptosis, and immunity underlie the beneficial effects of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens CECT 5940 in broilers fed diets with different protein levels in a necrotic enteritis challenge model","volume":"11","author":"Gharib-Naseri","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2017.11.003","article-title":"Effect of oat hulls as a free choice feeding on broiler performance, short chain fatty acids and microflora under a mild necrotic enteritis challenge","volume":"4","author":"Kheravii","year":"2018","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcmgh.2014.11.004","article-title":"Microbial activities and intestinal homeostasis: a delicate balance between health and disease","volume":"1","author":"Ohland","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cell Mol Gastroenter."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-019-0421-y","article-title":"Dietary encapsulated essential oils and organic acids mixture improves gut health in broiler chickens challenged with necrotic enteritis","volume":"11","author":"Pham","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechno."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-017-0220-2","article-title":"Effects of Bacillus coagulans supplementation on the growth performance and gut health of broiler chickens with Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis","volume":"9","author":"Wu","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechno."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"799","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2653","article-title":"Intestinal mucosal barrier function in health and disease","volume":"9","author":"Turner","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nat Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-012110-142150","article-title":"Tight, junction pore and leak pathways: a dynamic duo","volume":"73","author":"Shen","year":"2011","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1007\/s00424-016-1902-x","article-title":"Targeting and alteration of tight junctions by bacteria and their virulence factors such as Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin","volume":"469","author":"Eichner","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pflug Arch Eur J Phy."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1016\/S0966-842x(98)01430-9","article-title":"Clostridium perfringens: toxinotype and genotype","volume":"7","author":"Petit","year":"1999","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.livsci.2019.03.009","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of probiotic powder containing Lactobacillus plantarum 1","volume":"223","author":"Cao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Livest Sci."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2008.02.007","article-title":"Sub-clinical necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens: Novel etiological consideration based on ultra-structural and molecular changes in the intestinal tissue","volume":"85","author":"Olkowski","year":"2008","journal-title":"Res Vet Sci."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-019-0157-3","article-title":"The role of short-chain fatty acids in microbiota-gut-brain communication","volume":"16","author":"Dalile","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastro Hepat."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-070119-115104","article-title":"Interaction between the microbiota, epithelia, and immune cells in the intestine","volume":"38","author":"Kayama","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rev Immunol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"558","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izx029","article-title":"A cross-talk between microbiota-derived short-chain fatty acids and the host mucosal immune system regulates intestinal homeostasis and inflammatory bowel disease","volume":"24","author":"Goncalves","year":"2018","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6422","DOI":"10.3382\/ps\/pez480","article-title":"Two different Clostridium perfringens strains produce different levels of necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens","volume":"98","author":"Gharib-Naseri","year":"2019","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-immunol-071219-125715","article-title":"Microbiota metabolites in health and disease","volume":"38","author":"McCarville","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Rev Immunol"},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1332","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2016.05.041","article-title":"From dietary fiber to host physiology: short-chain fatty acids as key bacterial metabolites","volume":"165","author":"Koh","year":"2016","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics8040265","article-title":"Short chain fatty acids commonly produced by gut microbiota influence salmonella enterica motility, biofilm formation, gene expression","volume":"8","author":"Lamas","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antibiotics-Basel."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1873","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2019.01873","article-title":"Microbiota-immune interaction in the pathogenesis of gut-derived infection","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2014.10.005","article-title":"Prevalence of Clostridium perfringens, Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin and dysbiosis in fecal samples of dogs with diarrhea","volume":"174","author":"Minamoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.vetmic.2018.10.022","article-title":"Clostridium perfringens-mediated necrotic enteritis is not influenced by the pre-existing microbiota but is promoted by large changes in the post-challenge microbiota","volume":"227","author":"Lacey","year":"2018","journal-title":"Vet Microbiol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283x12454590","article-title":"The intestinal microbiota dysbiosis and Clostridium difficile infection: is there a relationship with inflammatory bowel disease?","volume":"6","author":"Bien","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ther Adv Gastroenter."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2019.00108","article-title":"Impact of a bacillus direct-fed microbial on growth performance, intestinal barrier integrity, necrotic enteritis lesions, and ileal microbiota in broiler chickens using a laboratory challenge model","volume":"6","author":"Hernandez-Patlan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2018.00199","article-title":"Evaluation of the epithelial barrier function and ileal microbiome in an established necrotic enteritis challenge model in broiler chickens","volume":"5","author":"Latorre","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Vet Sci."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16","DOI":"10.1038\/s41398-020-01130-8","article-title":"CD36 deficiency affects depressive-like behaviors possibly by modifying gut microbiota and the inflammasome pathway in mice","volume":"11","author":"Bai","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transl Psychiatry."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"523","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2016.02.015","article-title":"Oscillospira: a central, enigmatic component of the human gut microbiota","volume":"24","author":"Konikoff","year":"2016","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/s41522-019-0101-x","article-title":"Blautia genus associated with visceral fat accumulation in adults 20-76 years of age","volume":"5","author":"Ozato","year":"2019","journal-title":"Npj Biofilms Microbi."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1323","DOI":"10.1038\/ismej.2014.14","article-title":"Phylogenetic distribution of three pathways for propionate production within the human gut microbiota","volume":"8","author":"Reichardt","year":"2014","journal-title":"Isme J."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1128\/Cmr.00008-07","article-title":"Bacteroides: the good, the bad, the nitty-gritty","volume":"20","author":"Wexler","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Microbiol Rev."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"906","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2020.00906","article-title":"The genus alistipes: gut bacteria with emerging implications to inflammation, cancer, mental health","volume":"11","author":"Parker","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Immunol."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"440","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aninu.2020.11.006","article-title":"Potential of blended organic acids to improve performance and health of broilers infected with necrotic enteritis","volume":"7","author":"Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2662","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2019.02662","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with citrus extract altered the intestinal microbiota and microbial metabolite profiles and enhanced the mucosal immune homeostasis in yellow-feathered broilers","volume":"10","author":"Yu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.10.061","article-title":"Study on the interactive effect of deoxynivalenol and Clostridium perfringens on the jejunal health of broiler chickens","volume":"100","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2020.08.033","article-title":"The relationship among gut microbiota, short-chain fatty acids, and intestinal morphology of growing and healthy broilers","volume":"99","author":"Liao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Poultry Sci."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-020-00542-2","article-title":"Linkage between the intestinal microbiota and residual feed intake in broiler chickens","volume":"12","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechno."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123107","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhazmat.2020.123107","article-title":"Deciphering the rhizosphere microbiome of a bamboo plant in response to different chromium contamination levels","volume":"399","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hazard Mater."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.biochem.71.110601.135414","article-title":"Lipopolysaccharide endotoxins","volume":"71","author":"Raetz","year":"2002","journal-title":"Annu Rev Biochem."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2021.706148\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]],"date-time":"2021-10-14T05:18:30Z","timestamp":1634188710000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2021.706148\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"references-count":74,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2021.706148"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2021.706148","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,10,14]]},"article-number":"706148"}}