{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T00:39:55Z","timestamp":1792197595937,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,8]],"date-time":"2021-12-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1638921600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Background:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive and multifactorial neurodegenerative disease accounting for 80% of dementia worldwide.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Objective:<\/jats:bold>\n                    To assess the influence of probiotics on cognitive function in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and AD.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Methods:<\/jats:bold>\n                    PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases were searched for relevant studies.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Results:<\/jats:bold>\n                    Six randomized controlled trials involving 462 patients with MCI and AD were included in this meta-analysis. The probiotic administration had favorable effects on homeostasis model assessment\u2013insulin resistance [HOMA-IR; Weighted mean difference (WMD) = \u22120.34, 95% confidence intervals (95% CI): \u22120.44 to 0.24,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    &amp;lt; 0.001,\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 0%], very low\u2013density lipoprotein levels (VLDL; WMD = \u22123.71, 95% CI: \u22126.11 to \u22121.32,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    =0.002,\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 57.7%), quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI; WMD = 0.01, 95% CI: 0.00\u20130.01,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.003,\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 51%), and triglyceride levels (WMD = \u221215.65, 95% CI: \u221227.48 to \u22123.83,\n                    <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.009,\n                    <jats:italic>I<\/jats:italic>\n                    <jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\n                    = 63.4%) in patients with AD. However, after Hartung-Knapp adjustment, all effects were non-significant except for HOMA-IR (MD = \u22120.34, 95%CI = \u22120.58 to \u22120.11). The changes in the Mini-Mental State Examination, repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status, and other biomarkers of oxidative stress, inflammation, and lipid profiles (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, malondialdehyde, and total cholesterol) were negligible.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Conclusion:<\/jats:bold>\n                    The findings suggested that the consumption of probiotics had favorable effects on the HOMA-IR in patients with AD. However, the probiotic treatment did not affect cognitive function, other biomarkers of oxidative stress, and other lipid profiles.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.757673","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,7]],"date-time":"2021-12-07T23:42:43Z","timestamp":1638920563000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":24,"title":["Effect of Probiotic Supplementation on Cognitive Function and Metabolic Status in Mild Cognitive Impairment and Alzheimer's Disease: A 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