{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,3]],"date-time":"2026-10-03T04:27:53Z","timestamp":1791001673831,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1639526400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100005363","name":"Universidad de Buenos Aires","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100005363","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003074","name":"Agencia Nacional de Promoci\u00f3n Cient\u00edfica y Tecnol\u00f3gica","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["PICT 2017-1146"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["PICT 2017-1146"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003074","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Helianthus annuus<\/jats:italic> L. seed hull is an abundant waste of the edible oil industry. To envisage potential applications of this waste, here, we aimed to analyze the chemical composition of milled sunflower hulls (SP), constituted mainly by 210 \u03bcm (51.4%) and 420 \u03bcm (27.6%) average mesh particle sizes. SP contained almost 30% of cellulose, 26.4% of lignin, 38.5% of neutral sugars, mainly hemicelluloses, and only 1.3% of proteins. The important lignin content and low pectin content (4.0% of uronic acids) present in SP were both ascribed to its low hydrophilic behavior and hydration capacity. Phenolic compounds were mostly proanthocyanidins (168 mg\/100 g SP), with lower amounts of extractable (31.4 mg\/100 g SP) phenolics (<jats:italic>O<\/jats:italic>-caffeoylquinic acid), all of them associated with the DPPH radical scavenging capacity (95 mg ascorbic acid equiv.\/100 g) and ferric reducing power (FRAP: 152 mg ascorbic acid equiv.\/100 g) shown by SP. Esterified ferulic acid (52.9 mg\/100 g SP) was also found, mostly as monomers and trimers. SP of 53 \u03bcm particle size was then assayed as a filler (0, 5, 8, and 12% concentrations) in calcium low methoxyl pectin-based films, which showed antioxidant capacity (DPPH and FRAP assays) in an SP-concentration-dependent manner. SP showed homogeneous dispersion in composite films equilibrated at 57.7% relative humidity. Water content decreased while film thickness increased with SP concentration. When loaded at a 12% level, the presence of 53-\u03bcm SP decreased the water vapor permeability and increased the normal stress at film fracture. Sunflower hulls can then be applied to the development of active materials like 12% SP film, which can be proposed as a food slice antioxidant separator to be investigated in a future work.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.777214","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T11:55:14Z","timestamp":1639569314000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":42,"title":["Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) Seed Hull Waste: Composition, Antioxidant Activity, and Filler Performance in Pectin-Based Film Composites"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Maria D.","family":"De'Nobili","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dana C.","family":"Bernhardt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria F.","family":"Basanta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana M.","family":"Rojas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4666","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.1783","article-title":"Oilseed crop sunflower (Helianthus annuus) as a source of food: nutritional and health benefits","volume":"8","author":"Adeleke","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr."},{"key":"B2","unstructured":"Chart of the Week (15 2021). EU Legume Production Is Growing at a Low Level2021"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfoodeng.2010.08.003","article-title":"Moisture-dependent engineering properties of sunflower seeds with different structural characteristics","volume":"102","author":"de Figueiredo","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Food Eng."},{"key":"B4","unstructured":"OilseedsWorld Market and TradeForeign Agricultural Service2021"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102893","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jece.2019.102893","article-title":"Conversion of sunflower seed hulls, waste from edible oil production, into valuable products","volume":"7","author":"Casoni","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Environ Chem Eng."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21905","DOI":"10.1016\/j.matpr.2018.07.049","article-title":"Sunflower shell waste as an alternative animal feed","volume":"5","author":"Osman","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mater Today Proc."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10","DOI":"10.1186\/2043-7129-1-10","article-title":"Valorisation of food residues: waste to wealth using green chemical technologies","volume":"1","author":"Luque","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sustain Chem Process."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2806","DOI":"10.1039\/D1GC00536G","article-title":"A review of thermal and thermocatalytic valorization of food waste","volume":"23","author":"Ebikade","year":"2021","journal-title":"Green Chem."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.3390\/foods10020249","article-title":"Edible films and coatings as food-quality preservers: an overview","volume":"10","author":"Diaz-Montes","year":"2021","journal-title":"Foods."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3691","DOI":"10.1111\/ijfs.14988","article-title":"Antioxidant edible film based on a carrot pectin enriched fraction as an active packaging of a vegan cashew ripened cheese","volume":"56","author":"Idrovo Encalada","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Techn."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"662","DOI":"10.1021\/jf00051a020","article-title":"Dietary fiber content of pear and kiwi pomaces","volume":"43","author":"Mart\u00edn-Cabrejas","year":"1995","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2016.04.015","article-title":"Antioxidant Japanese plum (Prunus salicina) microparticles with potential for food preservation","volume":"24","author":"Basanta","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Funct Foods."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcdf.2020.100247","article-title":"Sweet cherry (Prunus avium) fibers extracted from microwave- and steam-blanched recovered fruits: photo-antioxidant activity in milk proteins","volume":"24","author":"Aramburu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioact Carbohydr Diet Fibre."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-2697(91)90372-Z","article-title":"Measurement of uronic acids without interference from neutral sugars","volume":"197","author":"Filisetti-Cozzi","year":"1991","journal-title":"Anal Biochem."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60111a017","article-title":"Colorimetric method for determination of sugars and related substances","volume":"28","author":"DuBois","year":"1956","journal-title":"Anal Chem."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"265","DOI":"10.1016\/S0021-9258(19)52451-6","article-title":"Protein measurement with the Folin phenol reagent","volume":"193","author":"Lowry","year":"1951","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"274","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1099-1565(199811\/12)9:6<274::AID-PCA416>3.0.CO;2-G","article-title":"The use of acetone as an extraction solvent for anthocyanins from strawberry fruit","volume":"9","author":"Garc\u00eda-Viguera","year":"1998","journal-title":"Phytochem Anal."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1094\/CCHEM-02-12-0013-R","article-title":"Development and application of a methodology to determine free ferulic acid and ferulic acid ester-linked to different types of carbohydrates in cereal products","volume":"89","author":"Vaidyanathan","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cereal Chem."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1041","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.09.109","article-title":"Carrot fiber (CF) composite films for antioxidant preservation: particle size effect","volume":"136","author":"Idrovo Encalada","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0023-6438(95)80008-5","article-title":"Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity","volume":"28","author":"Brand-Williams","year":"1995","journal-title":"LWT Food Sci Techn."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"70","DOI":"10.1006\/abio.1996.0292","article-title":"The ferric reducing ability of plasma (FRAP) as a measure of \u201cantioxidant power\u201d: the FRAP assay","volume":"239","author":"Benzie","year":"1996","journal-title":"Anal Biochem."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3396","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9913458","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of dietary polyphenols as determined by a modified ferric reducing\/antioxidant power assay","volume":"48","author":"Pulido","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"186","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-011-0684-6","article-title":"Hydrolytic stability of L-(+)-ascorbic acid in low methoxyl pectin films with potential antioxidant activity at food interfaces","volume":"6","author":"De'Nobili","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Bioproc Tech."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"395","DOI":"10.1016\/0260-8774(94)90062-0","article-title":"Measurement errors in water vapor permeability of highly permeable, hydrophilic edible films","volume":"21","author":"Gennadios","year":"1994","journal-title":"J Food Eng."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1590\/1678-457x.12216","article-title":"Effect of size reduction on colour, hydration and rheological properties of wheat bran","volume":"37","author":"Onipe","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"178","DOI":"10.1024\/0300-9831.70.4.178","article-title":"Comparison of the water-holding capacity of wheat bran products prepared by wet and dry smashing methods in vitro and effect on the gastrointestinal retention time in rats in vivo","volume":"70","author":"Hori","year":"2000","journal-title":"Int J Vitam Nutr Res"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2017.03.030","article-title":"Phenolic compounds profile and antioxidant properties of six sweet cherry (Prunus avium) cultivars","volume":"97","author":"Martini","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Res Int."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"221","DOI":"10.1007\/s00217-012-1751-6","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds identified in sunflower seeds","volume":"235","author":"Karama\u0107","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur Food Res Technol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"758","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.12.074","article-title":"Identification and quantification of phenolic compounds from sunflower (Helianthus annuus L","volume":"115","author":"Weisz","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1740","DOI":"10.1021\/jf001030o","article-title":"Analysis of proanthocyanidin cleavage products following acid-catalysis in the presence of excess phloroglucinol","volume":"49","author":"Kennedy","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mam.2018.01.001","article-title":"Flavonoids and the gastrointestinal tract: local and systemic effects","volume":"61","author":"Oteiza","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1530","DOI":"10.1080\/09540105.2017.1351526","article-title":"Antioxidant and anti-cancer activities of proanthocyanidins rich extracts from three varieties of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) bran","volume":"28","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Agr. Immunol."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3986","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO00350F","article-title":"Bioavailability of red wine and grape seed proanthocyanidins in rats","volume":"11","author":"Pereira-Caro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"165","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.pp.37.060186.001121","article-title":"Cross-linking of matrix polymers in the growing cell walls of angiosperms","volume":"37","author":"Fry","year":"1986","journal-title":"Annu Rev Plant Biol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"263","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-arplant-042809-112315","article-title":"Hemicelluloses","volume":"61","author":"Scheller","year":"2010","journal-title":"Annu Rev Plant Biol."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"181","DOI":"10.22146\/ijc.21162","article-title":"Utilization of cellulose from pineapple leaf fibers as nanofiller in polyvinyl alcohol-based film","volume":"16","author":"Wahyuningsih","year":"2016","journal-title":"Indones J Chem"},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3485","DOI":"10.1007\/s13197-014-1407-6","article-title":"Characterization of the new biodegradable WPI\/clay nanocomposite films based on kefiran exopolysaccharide","volume":"52","author":"Zolfi","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Food Sci Technol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.07.249","article-title":"Comparing mechanical, barrier antimicrobial properties of nanocellulose\/CMC nanochitosan\/CMC composite films","volume":"164","author":"Jannatyha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2012.12.016","article-title":"Reducing water sensitivity of alginate bio-nanocomposite film using cellulose nanoparticles","volume":"54","author":"Abdollahi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.01.031","article-title":"Pectin-based composite film: effect of corn husk fiber concentration on their properties","volume":"164","author":"Bernhardt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24027","DOI":"10.1039\/D0RA04150E","article-title":"Plasticity control of poly(vinyl alcohol)-graphene oxide nanocomposites","volume":"10","author":"Panova","year":"2020","journal-title":"RSC Adv."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijpharm.2013.04.027","article-title":"Performance of alginate films for retention of L-(+)-ascorbic acid","volume":"450","author":"De'Nobili","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int J Pharm"},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1084","DOI":"10.3390\/f10121084","article-title":"Effects of moisture on diffusion in unmodifiedwood cell walls: a phenomenological polymer science approach","volume":"10","author":"Jakes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Forests."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5996","DOI":"10.15376\/biores.12.3.5996-6010","article-title":"Oil palm shell nanofiller in seaweed-based composite film: mechanical, physical, and morphological properties","volume":"12","author":"Abdul Khalil","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioresources."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesa.2003.09.021","article-title":"The effect of interfacial interactions on the mechanical properties of polypropylene\/natural zeolite composites","volume":"35","author":"Metin","year":"2004","journal-title":"Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1270","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2000.tb10596.x","article-title":"Lipid oxidation in oil-in-water emulsions: impact of molecular environment on chemical reactions in heterogeneous food systems","volume":"65","author":"McClements","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Food Sci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4250","DOI":"10.1111\/1541-4337.12792","article-title":"A comprehensive review on polarity, partitioning, and interactions of phenolic antioxidants at oil\u2013water interface of food emulsions","volume":"20","author":"Farooq","year":"2021","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1086","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2017.12.011","article-title":"Plum (Prunus salicina) peel and pulp microparticles as natural antioxidant additives in breast chicken patties","volume":"106","author":"Basanta","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Res Int."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2021.777214\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]],"date-time":"2021-12-15T11:55:18Z","timestamp":1639569318000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2021.777214\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"references-count":48,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2021.777214"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2021.777214","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,12,15]]},"article-number":"777214"}}