{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:24:41Z","timestamp":1789579481263,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":48,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1642723200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Halitosis or oral malodor is a condition caused by the putrefaction of sulfur-containing amino acids. It affects 30\u201350% of the population and causes social rejection, reducing quality of life, and self-esteem. Probiotics, especially Lactobacillus species, have been proposed for the treatment of genuine halitosis, due to their ability to reduce bacterial colonization. Our objective was to evaluate their use for the treatment of oral halitosis. Applying the PRISMA statement guidelines, we searched PubMed, EMBASE, and Web of Science databases for scientific articles from the last 15 years, up to July 2021. The keywords used were \u201cProbiotics\u201d; \u201cHalitosis\u201d; \u201cMouth diseases\u201d; \u201cOral health\u201d; \u201cHumans\u201d; \u201cRandomized Clinical Trials\u201d according to the question, \u201cAre probiotics effective for the reduction or elimination of oral halitosis?\u201d Fourteen studies were identified, although only four met the inclusion criteria. We evaluated 283 participants treated with two different probiotics, with a follow-up of at least 2 weeks. Risk of bias was assessed using the Cochrane Collaboration tool. A fixed-effects meta-analysis was performed. No statistical significance was found (\n                    <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                    = 0.53). Despite the limitations of this meta-analysis, we believe that some probiotics have a beneficial effect on halitosis, although more clinical trials are needed to establish real evidence on this aspect.\n                  <\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Systematic Review Registration:<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:ext-link>https:\/\/doi.org\/10.37766\/inplasy2021.9.0009<\/jats:ext-link>\n                    , identifier: INPLASY20211900.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.787908","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,21]],"date-time":"2022-01-21T00:12:22Z","timestamp":1642723942000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["Role of Probiotics in Halitosis of Oral Origin: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Studies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Nansi","family":"L\u00f3pez-Valverde","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Antonio","family":"L\u00f3pez-Valverde","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Bruno","family":"Macedo de Sousa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cinthia","family":"Rodr\u00edguez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ana","family":"Su\u00e1rez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan 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