{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,12]],"date-time":"2026-10-12T02:32:36Z","timestamp":1791772356231,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":30,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1643587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00c3\u00a7\u00c3\u00a3o de Amparo \u00c3 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00c3\u00a3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["20\/07765-6"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["20\/07765-6"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Body weight loss and inflammation are major alterations related to cancer cachexia, an important wasting syndrome highly prevalent in many types of cancer. Nutritional components modulate inflammation in several chronic diseases. Omega-3 fatty acids (n-3) are well known for their anti-inflammatory properties. However, the effects of n-3 on cancer cachexia are still controversial. This systematic review and meta-analysis aims to evaluate the reported effects of n-3 supplementation on body weight and inflammatory markers in patients with cancer cachexia. Articles indexed in the major scientific platforms were retrieved in agreement with the Preferring Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) and 167 references were initially found. After removing duplicates and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, this systematic review included six studies. Using a random-effects model with 95% CI, three effect sizes were expressed as standard mean difference (SMD). No differences were found regarding the effect of n-3 on interleukin-6, C-reactive protein, and albumin levels. Body weight analysis included only two studies, devoid of robust conclusions. The low number of studies, low sample size, and great intra-variability precluded a stronger analysis. More studies evaluating n-3 supplementation in cancer cachexia are still needed.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.797513","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]],"date-time":"2022-01-31T07:21:09Z","timestamp":1643613669000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":22,"title":["Omega-3 Fatty Acid Supplementation and Its Impact on Systemic Inflammation and Body Weight in Patients With Cancer Cachexia\u2014A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"8","author":[{"given":"Gabriela Salim","family":"de Castro","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"M\u00e1rcia F\u00e1bia","family":"Andrade","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Flaydson Clayton Silva","family":"Pinto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jaline Zandonato","family":"Faiad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mar\u00edlia","family":"Seelaender","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,1,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1017\/S002966511500419X","article-title":"Cancer-associated malnutrition, cachexia and sarcopenia: the skeleton in the hospital closet 40 years later","volume":"75","author":"Ryan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4868","DOI":"10.1002\/cncr.30950","article-title":"Muscle mass at the time of diagnosis of nonmetastatic colon cancer and early discontinuation of chemotherapy, delays, and dose reductions on adjuvant FOLFOX: The C-SCANS study","volume":"123","author":"Cespedes Feliciano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1158\/1055-9965.EPI-16-0145","article-title":"Association of weight change after colorectal cancer diagnosis and outcomes in the kaiser permanente northern california population","volume":"26","author":"Meyerhardt","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"489","DOI":"10.1016\/S1470-2045(10)70218-7","article-title":"Definition and classification of cancer cachexia: an international consensus","volume":"12","author":"Fearon","year":"2011","journal-title":"Lancet Oncol"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"153","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2012.06.011","article-title":"Cancer cachexia: mediators, signaling, and metabolic pathways","volume":"16","author":"Fearon","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17105","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.105","article-title":"Cancer-associated cachexia","volume":"4","author":"Baracos","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-802844-5.00026-9","article-title":"Fish oil supplementation and cancer cachexia","volume-title":"Fish and Fish Oil in Health and Disease Prevention","author":"Seelaender","year":"2016"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.3390\/nu2030355","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammatory processes","volume":"2","author":"Calder","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"359","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2015.04.013","article-title":"A systematic review and meta-analysis of the n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids effects on inflammatory markers in colorectal cancer","volume":"35","author":"Mocellin","year":"2016","journal-title":"Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2011.06.060","article-title":"Beyond anorexia -cachexia. 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