{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T23:15:37Z","timestamp":1791587737809,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667174400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In vertebrates and invertebrates, selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient, and Se deficiency or excess is associated with gonadal insufficiency and gamete dysfunction in both males and females, leading to implantation failure, altered embryonic development and, ultimately, infertility. During pregnancy, Se excess or deficiency is associated with miscarriage, pre-eclampsia (hypertension of pregnancy), gestational diabetes, fetal growth restriction and preterm birth. None of this is surprising, as Se is present in high concentrations in the ovary and testes, and work in animal models has shown that addition of Se to culture media improves embryo development and survival <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> in association with reduced reactive oxygen species and less DNA damage. Selenium also affects uterine function and conceptus growth and gene expression, again in association with its antioxidant properties. Similarly, Se improves testicular function including sperm count, morphology and motility, and fertility. In animal models, supplementation of Se in the maternal diet during early pregnancy improves fetal substrate supply and alters fetal somatic and organ growth. Supplementation of Se throughout pregnancy in cows and sheep that are receiving an inadequate or excess dietary intake affected maternal whole-body and organ growth and vascular development, and also affected expression of angiogenic factors in maternal and fetal organs. Supplemental Se throughout pregnancy also affected placental growth, which may partly explain its effects on fetal growth and development, and also affected mammary gland development, colostrum yield and composition as well as postnatal development of the offspring. In conclusion, Se supplementation in nutritionally compromised pregnancies can potentially improve fertility and pregnancy outcomes, and thereby improve postnatal growth and development. Future research efforts should examine in more detail and more species the potential benefits of Se supplementation to reproductive processes in mammals.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1011850","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T06:19:35Z","timestamp":1667197175000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":56,"title":["Selenium supplementation and pregnancy outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Carl R.","family":"Dahlen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lawrence P.","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joel S.","family":"Caton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2011.07.034","article-title":"Selenium in reproductive health.","volume":"206","author":"Mistry","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Ob Gyn."},{"key":"B2","first-page":"28","article-title":"Seleniumand reproductive function. A systematic review.","volume":"36","author":"Mirone","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Endocrinol Invest."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2014.01.009","article-title":"Roel of selenium in male reproduction \u2013 A review.","volume":"146","author":"Ahsan","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8080268","article-title":"Role of selenium and selenoproteins in male reproductive function: A review of past and resent evidences.","volume":"8","author":"Qazi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxidants."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"821","DOI":"10.1021\/acschembio.6b00031","article-title":"Why nature chose selenium.","volume":"2016","author":"Reich","year":"2016","journal-title":"ACS Chem Biol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.115.137240","article-title":"Trace elements in ovaries: measurement and physiology.","volume":"94","author":"Ceko","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biol Reprod."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"549","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.101095","article-title":"Maternal selenium status during early gestation and risk for preterm birth.","volume":"183","author":"Rayman","year":"2011","journal-title":"Canad Med Assoc J."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"327","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1740-8709.2012.00430.x","article-title":"Maternal selenium, copper and zinc concentrations in pregnancy associated with small-for-gestational-age infants.","volume":"10","author":"Mistry","year":"2014","journal-title":"Maternal Child Nutr."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3046","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12103046","article-title":"Low selenium levels in amniotic fluid correlate with small-for-gestational age newborns.","volume":"12","author":"Pelkic","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2636","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fertnstert.2010.04.012","article-title":"Autoantigens in ovarian autoimmunity associated with unexplained Infertility and premature ovarian failure.","volume":"94","author":"Edassery","year":"2010","journal-title":"Fertil Steril."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2022.02.010","article-title":"The effects of selenium plus probiotics supplementation on glycemic status and serum lipoproteins in patients with gestational diabetes mellitus: A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"48","author":"Amirani","year":"2022","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPN."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3522","DOI":"10.1002\/dmrr.3522","article-title":"The association between serum selenium level and gestational diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"38","author":"Xu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Metab Res Rev."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e20210132","DOI":"10.1590\/1984-3143-AR2021-0132","article-title":"The embryo culture media in the era of epigenetics: is it time to go back to nature?","volume":"19","author":"Coy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Anim Reprod."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"R1","DOI":"10.1530\/JOE-16-0302","article-title":"Oviduct: roles in fertilization and early embryo development.","volume":"232","author":"Lui","year":"2017","journal-title":"J. Endcinol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"717","DOI":"10.1071\/RD13043","article-title":"Replacing serum in culture medium with albumin and insulin, transferrin and selenium is the key to successful bovine embryo development in individual culture.","volume":"26","author":"Wydooghe","year":"2013","journal-title":"Reprod Fertil Dev."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2021","DOI":"10.1071\/AN17057","article-title":"Effect of nano-selenium and nano-zinc particles during in vitro maturation on the developmental competence of bovine oocytes.","volume":"58","author":"Abdel-Halim","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim Prod Sci."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1111\/asj.12894","article-title":"Selenium supplementation during in vitro maturation enhances meiosis and developmental capacity of yak oocytes.","volume":"89","author":"Xiong","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim Sci J."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2007.03.021","article-title":"Effects of insulin\u2013transferrin\u2013selenium in defined and porcine follicular fluid supplemented IVM media on porcine IVF and SCNT embryo production.","volume":"106","author":"Jeong","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"694889","DOI":"10.3389\/fcell.2021.694889","article-title":"Canine IVM With SOF Medium, Insulin-Transferrin-Selenium, and Low O2 Tension Improves Oocyte Meiotic Competence and Decreases Reactive Oxygen Species Levels.","volume":"9","author":"Rodriguez","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cell Dev Biol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jbc.2021.100410","article-title":"Selenium-dependent metabolic reprogramming during inflammation and resolution.","volume":"296","author":"Korwar","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0531.2012.02120.x","article-title":"Post-mating inflammatory response of the uterus.","volume":"47","author":"Katila","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reprod Dom Anim."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1140","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-021-02731-0","article-title":"The antioxidant role of selenium via GPx1 and GPx4 in LPS-induced oxidative stress in bovine endometrial cells.","volume":"200","author":"Adeniran","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res."},{"key":"B23","author":"Crites","year":"2021","journal-title":"The effects of form of selenium on the bovine corpus luteum, uterine endometrium, and development of the conceptus."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jmb.2009.04.024","article-title":"X-Ray fluorescence microscopy reveals the role of selenium in spermatogenesis.","volume":"389","author":"Kehr","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Mol Biol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbagen.2009.01.014","article-title":"Focus on mammalian thioredoxin reductases\u2013important selenoproteins with versatile functions.","volume":"1790","author":"Arner\u00ec","year":"2009","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.18502\/ijrm.v20i5.11053","article-title":"The association between dietary fat and mineral intake with semen parameters: A cross-sectional study in infertile men.","volume":"20","author":"Nouri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Reprod Biomed."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"705","DOI":"10.1089\/ars.2011.4145","article-title":"The role of selenium in inflammation and immunity: From molecular mechanisms to therapeutic opportunities.","volume":"16","author":"Huang","year":"2012","journal-title":"Antioxid Redox Signal."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1093\/jas\/skab024","article-title":"Vitamin and mineral supplementation and rate of gain during the first trimester of gestation affect concentrations of amino acids in maternal serum and allantoic fluid of beef heifers.","volume":"99","author":"Menezes","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12141757","article-title":"Vitamin and mineral supplementation and different rates of gain during the first trimester of gestation in beef heifers. Effects of dam hormonal and metabolic status, concentrations of glucose and fructose in fetal fluids, and fetal tissue organ mass.","volume":"12","author":"Menezes","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771832","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2021.771832","article-title":"Characterization of the microbiota associated with 12-week-old bovine fetuses exposed to divergent in utero nutrition.","volume":"12","author":"Amat","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Microbiol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo12080696","article-title":"Vitamin and mineral supplementation and rate of gain during the first trimester of gestation in beef heifers alters the fetal liver amino acid, carbohydrate, and energy profile at day 83 of gestation.","volume":"12","author":"Crouse","year":"2022","journal-title":"Metabolites."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"110274","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ygeno.2022.110274","article-title":"Untangling the placentome gene network of beef heifers in early gestation.","volume":"114","author":"Diniz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Genomics."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.3390\/ani12151925","article-title":"Vitamin and mineral supplementation and rate of gain in beef heifers: effects on concentration of trace minerals in maternal liver and fetal liver, muscle, allantoic, and amniotic fluids at day 83 of gestation.","volume":"12","author":"McCarthy","year":"2022","journal-title":"Animals."},{"key":"B34","first-page":"44","article-title":"Growth and metabolism.","author":"Fowden","year":"2001","journal-title":"Fetal growth and development."},{"key":"B35","first-page":"104","article-title":"Effects of supernutritional levels of Selenium (Se) on vascular density and cell proliferation in the sheep placenta.","volume":"83","author":"Borowicz","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2721","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2006-785","article-title":"Effects of selenium supply and dietary restriction on maternal and fetal body weight, visceral organ mass and cellularity estimates, and jejunal vascularity in pregnant ewe lambs.","volume":"85","author":"Reed","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"131","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anireprosci.2013.07.010","article-title":"Effects of level and source of dietary selenium on maternal and fetal body weight, visceral organ mass, cellularity estimates, and jejunal vascularity in pregnant ewe lambs.","volume":"141","author":"Neville","year":"2008","journal-title":"Anim Reprod Sci."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2415","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2008-0996","article-title":"Effects of gestational plane of nutrition and selenium supplementation on mammary development and colostrum quality in pregnant ewe lambs.","volume":"86","author":"Swanson","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1254","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2007-0509","article-title":"Effects of selenium supply and dietary restriction on maternal and fetal metabolic hormones in pregnant ewe lambs.","volume":"86","author":"Ward","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Animal Sci."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3690","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2010-3724","article-title":"Effects of maternal selenium supply and plane of nutrition during gestation on passive transfer of immunity and health in neonatal lambs.","volume":"89","author":"Hammer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1627","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2010-3394","article-title":"Nutritional plane and selenium supply during gestation affect yield and nutrient composition of colostrum and milk in primiparous ewes.","volume":"89","author":"Meyer","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2733","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2011-4524","article-title":"Effects of nutritional plane and selenium supply during gestation on visceral organ mass and indices of intestinal growth and vascularity in primiparous ewes at parturition and during early lactation.","volume":"90","author":"Meyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2628","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2012-5953","article-title":"Maternal nutritional plane and selenium supply during gestation impact visceral organ mass and intestinal growth and vascularity of neonatal lamb offspring.","volume":"91","author":"Meyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2850","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2010-3832","article-title":"Supranutritional selenium increases mammary gland vascularity in postpartum ewe lambs.","volume":"94","author":"Vonnahme","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1530\/REP-11-0302","article-title":"Neonatal hormone changes and growth in lambs born to dams receiving differing nutritional intakes and selenium supplementation during gestation.","volume":"144","author":"Camacho","year":"2012","journal-title":"Reproduction."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6","DOI":"10.1186\/2049-1891-4-6","article-title":"Mammary gland growth and vascularity at parturition and during lactation in primiparous ewes fed differing levels of selenium and nutritional plane during gestation.","volume":"4","author":"Neville","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Anim Sci Biotechnol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.domaniend.2013.09.006","article-title":"Dietary selenium and nutritional plane alter specific aspects of maternal endocrine status during pregnancy and lactation.","volume":"46","author":"Lemley","year":"2014","journal-title":"Domest Anim Endocrinol."},{"key":"B48","first-page":"159","article-title":"Biofortification of maternal diets with selenium: Postnatal growth outcomes.","author":"Caton","year":"2014","journal-title":"Selenium in the Environment and Human Health."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E51","DOI":"10.2527\/jas.2009-2311","article-title":"Fetal programming of skeletal muscle development in ruminant animals.","volume":"88","author":"Du","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Anim Sci."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"355","DOI":"10.1387\/ijdb.082799lr","article-title":"Utero-placental vascular development and placental function: An update. Invited review.","volume":"54","author":"Reynolds","year":"2010","journal-title":"Internat J Develop Biol."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"229","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cvfa.2019.02.006","article-title":"Developmental programming of fetal growth and development. invited review.","volume":"35","author":"Reynolds","year":"2019","journal-title":"Vet Clin North Am Food Anim Pract."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"63","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-85686-1_4","article-title":"Nutritional regulation of embryonic survival, growth and development. Invited Review. G. Wu (ed.), Recent Advances in Animal Nutrition and Metabolism.","volume":"1354","author":"Reynolds","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Exp Med Biol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-062320-121834","article-title":"Dietary selenium across species.","volume":"42","author":"Lei","year":"2022","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"179","DOI":"10.1080\/15592294.2015.1013792","article-title":"Epigenetic effects of selenium and their implications for health.","volume":"10","author":"Speckmann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Epigenetics."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2017.07.002","article-title":"Selenium increases DNA methylation and modulates one-carbon metabolism in the liver of mice.","volume":"48","author":"Speckmann","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1527","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13051527","article-title":"Dietary selenium regulates microRNAs in metabolic disease: Recent progress.","volume":"13","author":"Huang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.3390\/life10080121","article-title":"Parental selenium nutrition affects the one-carbon metabolism and the hepatic DNA methylation pattern of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in the progeny.","volume":"10","author":"Wischhusen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life"},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"3053","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules23123053","article-title":"Selenium, selenoproteins, and female reproduction: A review.","volume":"23","author":"Qazi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecules."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.1011850\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]],"date-time":"2022-10-31T06:19:41Z","timestamp":1667197181000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.1011850\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2022.1011850"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.1011850","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,31]]},"article-number":"1011850"}}