{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,6]],"date-time":"2026-07-06T14:15:19Z","timestamp":1783347319008,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1667865600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>In this study, we investigated the structural features of the polysaccharide obtained from <jats:italic>Craterellus cornucopioides<\/jats:italic> (CCP2) by high-performance liquid chromatography, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and ion chromatography. The results showed that CCP2 was a catenarian pyranose that principally comprised of mannose, galactose, glucose, and xylose in the ratio of 1.86: 1.57: 1.00: 1.14, with a molecular weight of 8.28 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>4<\/jats:sup> Da. Moreover, the immunoregulation effect of CCP2 was evaluated both <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. It displayed a remarkable immunological activity and activation in RAW264.7 cells by enhancing the phagocytosis of macrophages in a dose-dependent manner without showing cytotoxicity at the concentrations of 10\u2013200 \u03bcg\/mL <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>. Additionally, Histopathological analysis indicated the protective function of CCP2 against immunosuppression induced by cyclophosphamide (Cy). Meanwhile, the intake of CCP2 had better immunoregulatory activity for immunosuppression BALB\/c mice model. After prevention by CCP2, the spleen and thymus weight indexes of BALB\/c mice model were significantly increased. The RT-qPCR and Western Blot results provided comprehensive evidence that the CCP2 could activate macrophages by enhancing the production of cytokines (IL-2, IL-6, and IL-8) and upregulating the protein expression of cell membrane receptor TLR4 and its downstream protein kinase (TRAF6, TRIF, and NF-\u03baB p65) production of immunosuppressive mice through TLR4-NF\u03baB p65 pathway. The results demonstrated that CCP2 could be a potential prebiotic and might provide meaningful information for further research on the immune mechanism.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1017431","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T04:28:17Z","timestamp":1667881697000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Extraction and immunomodulatory activity of the polysaccharide obtained from Craterellus cornucopioides"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Caixuan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ying","family":"Shu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mingzhu","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"633","DOI":"10.1016\/j.immuni.2013.04.005","article-title":"Metabolic pathways in immune cell activation and quiescence.","volume":"38","author":"Pearce","year":"2013","journal-title":"Immunity."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"142","DOI":"10.1124\/pr.114.010090","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in the vascular system: Sensing the dangers within.","volume":"68","author":"Goulopoulou","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pharmacol Rev."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e002860","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.115.002860","article-title":"Systematic evaluation of the cellular innate immune response during the process of human Atherosclerosis.","volume":"5","author":"van Dijk","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.09.070","article-title":"Silkrose: A novel acidic polysaccharide from the silkmoth that can stimulate the innate immune response.","volume":"136","author":"Ohta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"378","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.05.079","article-title":"Structure-function relationships of immunostimulatory polysaccharides: A review.","volume":"132","author":"Ferreira","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"257","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2013.12.002","article-title":"Structural features and biological activities of the polysaccharides from Astragalus membranaceus.","volume":"64","author":"Jin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.01.145","article-title":"Characteristics and immune-enhancing activity of pectic polysaccharides from sweet cherry (Prunus avium).","volume":"254","author":"Cao","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.06.044","article-title":"Corrigendum to \u2018Toll-like receptors in immunity and inflammatory diseases: Past, present, and future\u2019 [International Immunopharmacology 59 (2018) 391-412].","volume":"62","author":"Kumar","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.exphem.2018.12.005","article-title":"Development of innate immune cells from human pluripotent stem cells.","volume":"71","author":"Bernareggi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Exp Hematol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dci.2016.08.010","article-title":"The role of a novel C-type lectin-like protein from planarian in innate immunity and regeneration.","volume":"67","author":"Gao","year":"2017","journal-title":"Dev Comp Immunol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carres.2017.12.009","article-title":"Structural analysis of the O-polysaccharide from the lipopolysaccharide of Pseudomonas putida BIM B-1100.","volume":"457","author":"Zdorovenko","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr Res."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.12.038","article-title":"Immune enhancement activity of a novel polysaccharide produced by Dendrobium officinale endophytic fungus Fusarium solani DO7.","volume":"53","author":"Zeng","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Funct Foods."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"109768","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lwt.2020.109768","article-title":"Cooking methods effect on the nutrients, bioaccessibility and antioxidant activity of Craterellus cornucopioides.","volume":"131","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lwt."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"113079","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2020.113079","article-title":"Extraction, structure characterization, carboxymethylation and antioxidant activity of acidic polysaccharides from Craterellus cornucopioides.","volume":"159","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ind Crops Prod."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"114","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytol.2017.06.007","article-title":"Sesquiterpenoids from cultures of the edible mushroom Craterellus cornucopioides.","volume":"21","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Phytochem Lett."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"473","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.05.212","article-title":"Structural characterization and antioxidant activities of a novel polysaccharide fraction from the fruiting bodies of Craterellus cornucopioides.","volume":"117","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"I Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.11.090","article-title":"Activity diversity structure-activity relationship of polysaccharides from lotus root varieties.","volume":"190","author":"Yi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.10.028","article-title":"Effective cancer immunotherapy by Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide-gold nanocomposites through dendritic cell activation and memory T cell response.","volume":"205","author":"Zhang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"105209","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2022.105209","article-title":"Modulatory effects of Porphyra-derived polysaccharides, oligosaccharides and their mixture on antigen-specific immune responses in ovalbumin-sensitized mice.","volume":"96","author":"Wei","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Funct Foods."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.psj.2022.102112","article-title":"Preparation and sulfate modified of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl polysaccharide and its immune-enhancing adjuvant activity.","volume":"101","author":"Wusiman","year":"2022","journal-title":"Poult Sci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"796","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.246","article-title":"Structure characterization, physicochemical property and immunomodulatory activity on RAW264.7 cells of a novel triple-helix polysaccharide from Craterellus cornucopioides.","volume":"126","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"871","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.270","article-title":"Immunomodulatory effects of the polysaccharide from Craterellus cornucopioides via activating the TLR4-NFkappaB signaling pathway in peritoneal macrophages of BALB\/c mice.","volume":"160","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4792","DOI":"10.1039\/c9fo00201d","article-title":"A novel polysaccharide obtained from Craterellus cornucopioides enhances immunomodulatory activity in immunosuppressive mice models via regulation of the TLR4-NF-kappaB pathway.","volume":"10","author":"Guo","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6054","DOI":"10.1039\/c9fo02642h","article-title":"Research on the structural characteristics of a novel Chinese Iron Yam polysaccharide and its gastroprotection mechanism against ethanol-induced gastric mucosal lesion in a BALB\/c mouse model.","volume":"11","author":"Guo","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"895","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2011.04.020","article-title":"Structural analysis and anti-tumor activity comparison of polysaccharides from Astragalus.","volume":"85","author":"Zhu","year":"2011","journal-title":"Carbohydre Polym."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.12.053","article-title":"Effects of extraction methods on the yield, chemical structure and anti-tumor activity of polysaccharides from Cordyceps gunnii mycelia.","volume":"140","author":"Zhu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2009.07.047","article-title":"Structural elucidation of an exopolysaccharide from mycelial fermentation of a Tolypocladium sp. fungus isolated from wild Cordyceps sinensis.","volume":"79","author":"Yan","year":"2010","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3523","DOI":"10.1039\/c7fo00957g","article-title":"Ginseng (Panax ginseng Meyer) oligopeptides regulate innate and adaptive immune responses in mice via increased macrophage phagocytosis capacity, NK cell activity and Th cells secretion.","volume":"8","author":"He","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2017.11.033","article-title":"Antihyperlipidemic and hepatoprotective activities of polysaccharide fraction from Cyclocarya paliurus in high-fat emulsion-induced hyperlipidaemic mice.","volume":"183","author":"Yang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4449","DOI":"10.1039\/c7fo00992e","article-title":"Pepsin-pancreatin hydrolysis reduced the ability of lunasin-enriched material to inhibit activation of the inflammasomes in THP-1 human macrophages.","volume":"8","author":"Price","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1299","DOI":"10.1039\/c6fo01699e","article-title":"Chemical characterization of a novel polysaccharide ASKP-1 from Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch seed and its macrophage activation via MAPK, PI3k\/Akt and NF-kappaB signaling pathways in RAW264.7 cells.","volume":"8","author":"Ren","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2015.02.018","article-title":"Sulfated modification, characterization and antioxidant activities of polysaccharide from Cyclocarya paliurus.","volume":"53","author":"Xie","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2017.07.020","article-title":"Polysaccharides from Cyclocarya paliurus : Chemical composition and lipid-lowering effect on rats challenged with high-fat diet.","volume":"36","author":"Hu","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Funct Foods."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.03.023","article-title":"Mycelial polysaccharides of Lentinus edodes (shiitake mushroom) in submerged culture exert immunoenhancing effect on macrophage cells via MAPK pathway.","volume":"130","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"247","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.03.007","article-title":"Structural characterization of an active polysaccharide of longan and evaluation of immunological activity.","volume":"213","author":"Rong","year":"2019","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.199","article-title":"Synergistic immunomodulatory effect of complex polysaccharides from seven herbs and their major active fractions.","volume":"165","author":"Deng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"495","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.171","article-title":"Phagocytosis enhancement, endotoxin tolerance, and signal mechanisms of immunologically active glucuronoxylomannan from Auricularia auricula-judae.","volume":"165","author":"Perera","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"104323","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.104323","article-title":"Comparison of the structure and immunomodulatory activity of polysaccharides from fresh and dried longan.","volume":"76","author":"Gan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Funct Foods."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115330","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2020.115330","article-title":"Biological activity of Brassica rapa L. polysaccharides on RAW264.7 macrophages and on tumor cells.","volume":"28","author":"Wufuer","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"581","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.08.144","article-title":"Ganoderma atrum polysaccharide improves doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in mice by regulation of apoptotic pathway in mitochondria.","volume":"202","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"501","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2016.04.035","article-title":"A polysaccharide from Aloe vera L. var. chinensis (Haw.) Berger prevents damage to human gastric epithelial cells in vitro and to rat gastric mucosa in vivo.","volume":"24","author":"Xu","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Funct Foods."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1267","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.06.199","article-title":"Dietary supplementation with purified wheat germ glycoprotein improve immunostimulatory activity in cyclophosphamide induced Balb\/c mice.","volume":"118","author":"Yun","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2018.04.026","article-title":"TLR-2, IL-10 and IL-17-mediated immunity in experimental chemotherapy murine model of systemic candidiasis, cyclophosphamides\u2019 impact and roles.","volume":"119","author":"Dehghan","year":"2018","journal-title":"Microb Pathog."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2015.01.051","article-title":"Structural, immunological, and antioxidant studies of \u03b2-glucan from edible mushroom Entoloma lividoalbum.","volume":"123","author":"Maity","year":"2015","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"391","DOI":"10.1016\/j.intimp.2018.03.002","article-title":"Toll-like receptors in immunity and inflammatory diseases: Past, present, and future.","volume":"59","author":"Vijay","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int Immunopharmacol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"81","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2018.12.034","article-title":"Immune-modulating activities of glucans extracted from Pleurotus ostreatus and Pleurotus eryngii.","volume":"54","author":"Vetvicka","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Funct Foods."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115421","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2019.115421","article-title":"Antioxidant, antiradical, and antimicrobial activities of polysaccharides obtained by microwave-assisted extraction method: A review.","volume":"229","author":"Mirzadeh","year":"2020","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcdf.2013.01.002","article-title":"Schizophyllan: A review on its structure, properties, bioactivities and recent developments.","volume":"1","author":"Yz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioact Carbohydr Diet Fibre."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"101425","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcab.2019.101425","article-title":"Bioactive polysaccharides from natural sources: A review on the antitumor and immunomodulating activities.","volume":"22","author":"Chakraborty","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biocatal Agric Biotechnol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2014.07.080","article-title":"Heteroglycan of an edible mushroom Entoloma lividoalbum: Structural characterization and study of its protective role for human lymphocytes-ScienceDirect.","volume":"114","author":"Maity","year":"2014","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1657","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.11.048","article-title":"Structural elucidation and immunostimulating property of a novel polysaccharide extracted from an edible mushroom Lentinus fusipes.","volume":"157","author":"Manna","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"655","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2015.10.038","article-title":"Optimization, characterization, and biological activity of polysaccharides from Berberis dasystachya Maxim.","volume":"85","author":"Han","year":"2016","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2017.08.148","article-title":"Arabinogalactan from edible jambo fruit induces different responses on cytokine secretion by THP-1 macrophages in the absence and presence of proinflammatory stimulus.","volume":"107","author":"Tamiello","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.04.086","article-title":"Microwave-assisted extraction, physicochemical characterization and bioactivity of polysaccharides from Camptotheca acuminata fruits.","volume":"133","author":"Weichao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2021.1946480","article-title":"Structure\/function relationships of bean polysaccharides: A review.","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2018.01.026","article-title":"Structural elucidation of a pectic polysaccharide from Fructus Mori and its bioactivity on intestinal bacteria strains.","volume":"186","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"198","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2022.03.016","article-title":"Structure, function and advance application of microwave-treated polysaccharide: A review.","volume":"123","author":"Chen","year":"2022","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.3746\/pnf.2020.25.2.184","article-title":"Functional cordyceps coffee containing cordycepin and \u03b2-glucan.","volume":"25","author":"Song","year":"2020","journal-title":"Prev Nutr Food Sci."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.09.179","article-title":"Lachnum polysaccharide suppresses S180 sarcoma by boosting anti-tumor immune responses and skewing tumor-associated macrophages toward M1 phenotype.","volume":"144","author":"Zong","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12278","DOI":"10.1039\/d1fo03042f","article-title":"Sulfation modification enhances the intestinal regulation of Cyclocarya paliurus polysaccharides in cyclophosphamide-treated mice via restoring intestinal mucosal barrier function and modulating gut microbiota.","volume":"12","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2017.05.006","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide and acrolein induced oxidative stress leading to deterioration of metaphase II mouse oocyte quality.","volume":"110","author":"Jeelani","year":"2017","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"661","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-10-1259","article-title":"Cyclophosphamide induces differentiation of Th17 cells in cancer patients.","volume":"71","author":"Viaud","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cancer Res."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"243","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2015.12.060","article-title":"TLR-4 may mediate signaling pathways of Astragalus polysaccharide RAP induced cytokine expression of RAW264.7 cells.","volume":"179","author":"Wei","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.1017431\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]],"date-time":"2022-11-08T04:28:37Z","timestamp":1667881717000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.1017431\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2022.1017431"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.1017431","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,8]]},"article-number":"1017431"}}