{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,28]],"date-time":"2026-07-28T20:23:52Z","timestamp":1785270232237,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":65,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1665619200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100007471","name":"Applied Basic Research Foundation of Yunnan Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100007471","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>This study aimed to preliminary investigate the phytochemistry, bioactivity, hypoglycemic potential, and mechanism of action of <jats:italic>Bombax ceiba<\/jats:italic> L. flower (BCF), a wild edible and food plant in China. By using methanol extraction and liquid-liquid extraction, the crude extract (CE) of BCF and its petroleum ether (PE), dichloromethane (DCM), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), n-butanol (n-BuOH), and aqueous (AQ) fractions were obtained, and their chemical components and biological activities were evaluated. Further high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was carried out to identify and quantify the active constituents of BFC and its five fractions, and the phytochemical composition of the best-performing fraction was then analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC\/Q-TOF-MS). Finally, a network pharmacology strategy based on the chemical profile of this fraction was applied to speculate its main hypoglycemic mechanism. Results revealed the excellent biological activities of BCF, especially the EtOAc fraction. In addition to the highest total flavonoid content (TFC) (367.72 \u03bcg RE\/mg E) and total phenolics content (TPC) (47.97 \u03bcg GAE\/mg E), EtOAc showed the strongest DPPH\u22c5 scavenging ability (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> value = 29.56 \u03bcg\/mL), ABTS\u22c5<jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup> scavenging ability (IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> value = 84.60 \u03bcg\/mL), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) (889.62 \u03bcg FeSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\/mg E), which were stronger than the positive control BHT. EtOAc also exhibited the second-best \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitory capacity and second-best acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory capacity with the IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values of 2.85 and 3.27 mg\/mL, respectively. Also, EtOAc inhibited HepG2, MCF-7, Raw264.7, and A549 cell with IC<jats:sub>50<\/jats:sub> values of 1.08, 1.62, 0.77, and 0.87 mg\/mL, which were the second or third strongest in all fractions. Additionally, HPLC analysis revealed significant differences in the compounds\u2019 abundance between different fractions. Among them, EtOAc had the most detected compounds and the highest content. According to the results of UPLC\/Q-TOF-MS, 38 compounds were identified in EtOAc, including 24 phenolic acids and 6 flavonoids. Network pharmacological analysis further confirmed 41 potential targets of EtOAc in the treatment of type 2 diabetes, and intracellular receptor signaling pathways, unsaturated fatty acid, and DNA transcription pathways were the most possible mechanisms. These findings suggested that BCF was worthwhile to be developed as an antioxidant and anti-diabetic food\/drug.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1018733","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]],"date-time":"2022-10-13T09:51:43Z","timestamp":1665654703000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["A preliminary study of the chemical composition and bioactivity of Bombax ceiba L. flower and its potential mechanism in treating type 2 diabetes mellitus using ultra-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole-time-flight mass spectrometry and network pharmacology analysis"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Kehong","family":"Yin","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jinmei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhenxing","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Xiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jian","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemei","family":"He","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuechun","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1016\/j.toxrep.2019.04.008","article-title":"Bombax ceiba flowers extract ameliorates hepatosteatosis induced by ethanol and relatively moderate fat diet in rats.","volume":"6","author":"Arafa","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol Rep."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"168","DOI":"10.1016\/s1875-5364(17)30033-x","article-title":"Antihyperglycemic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant effects of standard ethanol extract of bombax ceiba leaves in high-fat-diet- and streptozotocin-induced type 2 diabetic rats.","volume":"15","author":"Xu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Chin J Nat Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"331","DOI":"10.1055\/s-1999-14060","article-title":"Hypotensive, hypoglycaemic and toxicological studies on the flavonol c-glycoside shamimin from bombax ceiba.","volume":"65","author":"Saleem","year":"1999","journal-title":"Plant Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"341","DOI":"10.1002\/ptr.1140","article-title":"Antiangiogenic activity of lupeol from bombax ceiba.","volume":"17","author":"You","year":"2003","journal-title":"Phytother Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1348","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2012.740032","article-title":"A new lignan with anti-hbv activity from the roots of bombax ceiba.","volume":"27","author":"Wang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nat Prod Res."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1439-0272.2011.01210.x","article-title":"Effect of bombax ceiba l. 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