{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:23:06Z","timestamp":1787026986395,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":128,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1672963200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is one of the most common causes of chronic liver disease and its global incidence is estimated to be 24%. Beer, wine, and Chinese baijiu have been consumed worldwide including by the NAFLD population. A better understanding of the effects of these alcoholic beverages on NAFLD would potentially improve management of patients with NAFLD and reduce the risks for progression to fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. There is evidence suggesting some positive effects, such as the antioxidative effects of bioactive flavor compounds in beer, wine, and baijiu. These effects could potentially counteract the oxidative stress caused by the metabolism of ethanol contained in the beverages. In the current review, the aim is to evaluate and discuss the current human-based and laboratory-based study evidence of effects on hepatic lipid metabolism and NAFLD from ingested ethanol, the polyphenols in beer and wine, and the bioactive flavor compounds in baijiu, and their potential mechanism. It is concluded that for the potential beneficial effects of wine and beer on NAFLD, inconsistence and contrasting data exist suggesting the need for further studies. There is insufficient baijiu specific human-based study for the effects on NAFLD. Although laboratory-based studies on baijiu showed the antioxidative effects of the bioactive flavor compounds on the liver, it remains elusive whether the antioxidative effect from the relatively low abundance of the bioactivate compounds could outweigh the oxidative stress and toxic effects from the ethanol component of the beverages.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1022977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]],"date-time":"2023-01-06T08:54:22Z","timestamp":1672995262000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Effects of beer, wine, and baijiu consumption on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: Potential implications of the flavor compounds in the alcoholic beverages"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Yabin","family":"Zhou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jin","family":"Hua","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhiguo","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","year":"2018","journal-title":"Global Status Report on Alcohol and Heatlh 2018."},{"key":"B2","year":"2016","journal-title":"Global Information Sytem on Alcohol and Health (GISAH)."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1002\/cld.168","article-title":"Recent trends in the epidemiology of alcoholic liver disease.","volume":"2","author":"Singal","year":"2013","journal-title":"Clin Liver Dis."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2224","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(12)61766-8","article-title":"A comparative risk assessment of burden of disease and injury attributable to 67 risk factors and risk factor clusters in 21 regions, 1990\u20132010: a systematic analysis for the global burden of disease study 2010.","volume":"380","author":"Lim","year":"2012","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"487","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2013.02.007","article-title":"Moderate alcohol use and health: a consensus document.","volume":"23","author":"Poli","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1513","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(18)30134-X","article-title":"Risk thresholds for alcohol consumption: combined analysis of individual-participant data for 599 912 current drinkers in 83 prospective studies.","volume":"391","author":"Wood","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"304","DOI":"10.1016\/j.yexmp.2015.03.007","article-title":"How to prevent alcoholic liver disease.","volume":"98","author":"French","year":"2015","journal-title":"Exp Mol Pathol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1152\/physiol.00055.2013","article-title":"Alcohol abuse: critical pathophysiological processes and contribution to disease burden.","volume":"29","author":"Molina","year":"2014","journal-title":"Physiology."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-019-7820-z","article-title":"The protective effect of alcohol consumption on the incidence of cardiovascular diseases: is it real? 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