{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T13:40:20Z","timestamp":1790862020281,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1668384000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100010221","name":"Higher Education Commision, Pakistan","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100010221","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Iron supplementation and fortification are the well-known approaches to treat iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in women of reproductive age. The objective of the current randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to evaluate the cumulative effects of prebiotics and iron fortification among women of reproductive age. For this purpose, a total of 75 iron deficient women of childbearing age were recruited and randomly divided into 5 groups (4 treatment groups and 1 control group). Four different types of fortified wheat flour were prepared using two iron fortificants (NaFeEDTA and FeSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>) and two prebiotics [inulin and galacto oligosaccharides (GOS)], while control group was treated with iron fortified flour without any prebiotics. Blood samples were collected from overnight fasted women on monthly basis up to 90 days. Hematological indices such as Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit, Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), as well as iron biomarkers including serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) were evaluated for analyses. The results showed a considerable positive improvement in all iron biomarkers as well as hematological indices among the treatment groups (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>-value &amp;lt; 0.05), as compared to the control group. A maximum Hb (11.86 \u00b1 0.24 mg\/dL) and hematocrit value (35.06 \u00b1 1.32%), was reported in group G<jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub> which was treated with fortified wheat flour at a dose of 963 mg\/kg GOS + 15 ppm FeSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>. On the other hand, highest mean values for RBC Count (4.73 \u00b1 0.41 mil\/mm<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>), MCV (81.41 \u00b1 3.21 fL), serum iron (75.62 \u00b1 2.79 \u03bcg\/dL), serum transferrin (16.82 \u00b1 0.30 mg\/dL), and TIBC (403.68 \u00b1 7.27 \u03bcg\/dL) were observed in G<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> group receiving the fortified wheat flour at a dose of 963 mg\/kg GOS + 30 ppm FeSO<jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub> level. The study concluded that prebiotic fortification along with iron salts helps to enhance iron absorption among iron deficiency anemic women of reproductive age.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1028956","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,11,14]],"date-time":"2022-11-14T06:06:27Z","timestamp":1668405987000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Effect of inulin, galacto oligosaccharides and iron fortification on iron deficiency anemia among women of reproductive age; a randomized controlled 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