{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,7]],"date-time":"2026-10-07T12:47:02Z","timestamp":1791377222672,"version":"4.3.2"},"reference-count":96,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675296000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Fruit peels comprise several biologically active compounds, but their nutritional composition and antioxidant potential of different fruit varieties are limited. This study aimed to determine the nutritional composition and antioxidant properties of 12 peels of different fruit varieties such as apples, pomegranates, guavas, strawberries, grapes, and citrus fruits using a ultraviolet-visible (UV-Vis) spectrophotometer, an inductively-coupled plasma atomic emission spectroscopy (ICP-AES), and an amino acid analyzer. The highest values of TPC, TFC, lycopene, ascorbic acid [total carotenoids and total antioxidant capacity (TAC)], reducing sugars, non-reducing sugars, and total soluble proteins were reported in grapes (Black seedless) 54,501.00 \u00b1 0.82 \u03bcM\/g dry wt., guava (Gola) 198.19 \u00b1 0.46 Rutin equivalent dry wt., strawberry (Candler) 7.23 \u00b1 0.33 mg\/g dry wt., citrus (Mausami) 646.25 \u00b1 0.96 ug\/g dry wt., apple (Kala kulu-Pak) 14.19 \u00b1 0.38 mg\/g dry wt. and 12.28 \u00b1 0.39 \u03bcM\/g dry wt., strawberry (Candler) 25.13 \u00b1 0.40 mg\/g dry wt., pomegranate (Badana) 9.80 \u00b1 0.43 mg\/g dry wt., apple (Kala kullu-Irani) 30.08 \u00b1 0.11 mg\/g dry wt., and guava (Gola) 638.18 \u00b1 0.24 mg\/g dry wt. compared with its opponent peels of fruits, respectively. All 12 peels of the fruit verities had 20 amino acids and presented as dry matter basis%. The highest trend of glutamic acid + glutamine, glycine, and aspartic acid + asparagine was observed in pomegranate (Badana) 1.20 DM basis%, guava (Surhai and Gola) 1.09 and 1.09 DM basis%, and strawberry (Desi\/local and Candler) 1.15 and 1.60 DM basis% in response to other fruit peels, respectively. Regarding the mineral profile, the highest values of nitrogen (764.15 \u00b1 0.86 mg\/100 g), phosphorus (53.90 \u00b1 0.14 mg\/100 g), potassium (3,443.84 \u00b1 0.82 mg\/100 g), ferric (1.44 \u00b1 0.00 mg\/100 g), magnesium (1.31 \u00b1 0.00 mg\/100 g), and manganese (0.21 \u00b1 0.00 mg\/100 g) were found in pomegranate (Badana), grapes (Black seedless), apple (Kala kulu-Pak), and pomegranate (Badana), respectively, in context to other fruit peels\u2019 extract. Principal component analysis (PCA) and agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) were analyzed for determining the correlation among different peels of fruits. Significantly, high levels of variation were noticed among different variables of peels of fruit. Fruit variety and its peels have been distinctive variables in selecting genotypes. The dendrogram obtained from cluster analysis was distributed into two groups and consisted of eight varieties in the same group, and four fruit varieties were in second group. Overall, the results conclude that fruit peels have the abundant antioxidants and some minerals, which can effectively be utilized for nutraceuticals as well as for food security.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1065698","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T05:29:35Z","timestamp":1675315775000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":54,"title":["Identification of nutritional composition and antioxidant activities of fruit peels as a potential source of nutraceuticals"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Tarique","family":"Hussain","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dildar Hussain","family":"Kalhoro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yulong","family":"Yin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"625","DOI":"10.1007\/978-3-030-30182-8_45","article-title":"Food processing waste: a potential source for bioactive compounds.","author":"Ain","year":"2020","journal-title":"Bioactive Compounds in Underutilized Fruits and Nuts."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"833","DOI":"10.1177\/0734242X19855424","article-title":"The role of solid waste composting in mitigating climate change in Jordan.","volume":"37","author":"Abu Qdais","year":"2019","journal-title":"Waste Manag Res."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/foods9020173","article-title":"Potentially bioactive metabolites from pineapple waste extracts and their antioxidant and \u03b1-glucosidase inhibitory activities by h nmr.","volume":"9","author":"Azizan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Foods."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1515\/ijfe-2019-0232","article-title":"Antioxidant recovery from pomegranate peel waste by integrating maceration and freeze concentration technology.","volume":"16","author":"Samsuri","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Food Eng."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2016.1220393","article-title":"Natural polyphenols: an overview.","volume":"20","author":"Abbas","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Food Prop."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1039\/c0fo00008f","article-title":"Comparison of the polyphenolic composition and antioxidant activity of european commercial fruit juices.","volume":"1","author":"Borges","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26216338","article-title":"Fruit wastes as a valuable source of value-added compounds: a collaborative perspective.","volume":"26","author":"Lucarini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.afres.2022.100050","article-title":"Current applications of citrus fruit processing waste: a scientific outlook.","volume":"2","author":"Suri","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Food Res."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"99","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2009.09.022","article-title":"Targeting excessive free radicals with peels and juices of citrus fruits: grapefruit, lemon, lime and orange.","volume":"48","author":"Guimar\u00e3es","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2012.06.002","article-title":"Dietary fibre and phytochemical characteristics of fruit and vegetable by-products and their recent applications as novel ingredients in food products.","volume":"16","author":"O\u2019Shea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Sci Emerg Technol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"76","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2019.05.014","article-title":"Bioactive and functional compounds in apple pomace from juice and cider manufacturing: potential use in dermal formulations.","volume":"90","author":"Barreira","year":"2019","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"157","DOI":"10.1016\/bs.afnr.2019.07.001","article-title":"Bioactive potential of fruit and vegetable wastes.","volume":"91","author":"Coman","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Food Nutr Res."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1233","DOI":"10.1021\/jf903162k","article-title":"Antioxidant protection of eicosapentaenoic acid and fish oil oxidation by polyphenolic-enriched apple skin extract.","volume":"58","author":"Rupasinghe","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2015.05.030","article-title":"Phenolic compounds in different fruit parts of crab apple: dihydrochalcones as promising quality markers of industrial apple pomace by-products.","volume":"74","author":"G\u00f3rna\u015b","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ind Crops Prod."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"361","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carpath.2010.09.002","article-title":"Protective effect of grape seed proanthocyanidins against cholesterol cholic acid diet-induced hypercholesterolemia in rats.","volume":"20","author":"Thiruchenduran","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Pathol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2009.06.032","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant and anti-initiating activities of crude polyphenolic extracts from seedless and seeded indian grapes.","volume":"119","author":"Ramchandani","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/803294","article-title":"Potential anticancer properties of grape antioxidants.","volume":"2012","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Oncol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10586","DOI":"10.1021\/jf202438d","article-title":"Survey of polyphenol constituents in grapes and grape-derived products.","volume":"59","author":"Xu","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11071510","article-title":"Bioactive compounds of strawberry and blueberry and their potential health effects based on human intervention studies: a brief overview.","volume":"11","author":"Miller","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4724","DOI":"10.5897\/JMPR11.995","article-title":"Total phenolic contents and antioxidant activities of pomegranate peel, seed, leaf and flower.","volume":"6","author":"Elfalleh","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Med Plants Res."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1815","DOI":"10.4236\/ajps.2013.49223","article-title":"Total phenolic, flavonoids, tannin content and antioxidant power of some Iranian pomegranate flower cultivars (Punica granatum L.).","volume":"4","author":"Hajimahmoodi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Am J Plant Sci."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jep.2006.09.006","article-title":"Punica granatum (pomegranate) and its potential for prevention and treatment of inflammation and cancer.","volume":"109","author":"Lansky","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Ethnopharmacol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5996","DOI":"10.3168\/jds.2012-5537","article-title":"Effects of adding a concentrated pomegranate-residue extract to the ration of lactating cows on in vivo digestibility and profile of rumen bacterial population.","volume":"95","author":"Jami","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Dairy Sci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"92","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2014.09.003","article-title":"Effects of dietary pomegranate by-product silage supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality of growing lambs.","volume":"197","author":"Kotsampasi","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"587","DOI":"10.1007\/s13765-015-0085-z","article-title":"Antioxidant profile, antioxidant activity, and physicochemical characteristics of strawberries from different cultivars and harvest locations.","volume":"58","author":"Kim","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Korean Soc App Bio Chem."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2022.134099","article-title":"Stability of phenolic compounds in apple and strawberry: effect of different processing techniques in industrial set up.","volume":"401","author":"Salazar-Orbea","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40816-018-0093-8","article-title":"The phytochemistry and medicinal value of Psidium guajava (guava).","volume":"4","author":"Naseer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin Phytosci."},{"key":"B28","first-page":"1","article-title":"Evaluation of antioxidant and anticancer activities of guava.","volume":"6","author":"Chen","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Food Nutr Saf."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"93","DOI":"10.22192\/ijarbs.2017.04.03.010","article-title":"Study on antioxidant activity in fruits and vegetables\u2013a review.","volume":"4","author":"Ravimannan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Intern J Adv Res Bio Sci."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.110563","article-title":"Exploitation of apple pomace towards extraction of triterpenic acids, antioxidant potential, cytotoxic effects, and inhibition of clinically important enzymes.","volume":"131","author":"Nile","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol."},{"key":"B31","first-page":"47","article-title":"Review on potential use of fruit and vegetables by-products as a valuable source of natural food additives.","volume":"45","author":"Gowe","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Sci Qual Manag."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-813768-0.00002-5","article-title":"Polyphenols in agricultural by products and food waste.","author":"Mourtzinos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Polyphenols in Plants."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fbioe.2020.00319","article-title":"Fruits by-products\u2013a source of valuable active principles. A short review.","volume":"8","author":"Fierascu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Bioeng Biotechn."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fsufs.2018.00052","article-title":"Food waste and by products: an opportunity to minimize malnutrition and hunger in developing countries.","volume":"2","author":"Torres-Le\u00f3n","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Sustain Food Syst."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"925","DOI":"10.3136\/nskkk1962.39.925","article-title":"Simple method for simultaneous determination of chlorophyll and carotenoids in tomato fruit.","volume":"39","author":"Nagata","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nippon Shokuhin Kogyo Gakkaishi."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"819","DOI":"10.1016\/S0031-9422(96)00888-6","article-title":"Tannins from the leaves of Punica granatum.","volume":"4","author":"Hussein","year":"1997","journal-title":"Phytochemistry."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2006.01.014","article-title":"Determination of total phenolic and flavonoid contents in selected fruits and vegetables, as well as their stimulatory effects on mouse splenocyte proliferation.","volume":"101","author":"Lin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2005.08.008","article-title":"A new automated colorimetric method for measuring total oxidant status.","volume":"38","author":"Erel","year":"2005","journal-title":"Clin Biochem."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"277","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2003.11.015","article-title":"A novel automated direct measurement method for total antioxidant capacity using a new generation, more stable ABTS radical cation.","volume":"37","author":"Erel","year":"2004","journal-title":"Clin Biochem."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"875","DOI":"10.1038\/nprot.2007.102","article-title":"Estimation of total phenolic content and other oxidation substrates in plant tissues using folin\u2013ciocalteu reagent.","volume":"2","author":"Ainsworth","year":"2007","journal-title":"Nat Protoc."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"233","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1440-1835.2002.tb00156.x","article-title":"Amino acid composition, protein content and calculation of nitrogen-to-protein conversion factors for 19 tropical seaweeds.","volume":"50","author":"Louren\u00e7o","year":"2002","journal-title":"Phyco Res."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"426","DOI":"10.1021\/ac60147a030","article-title":"Use of dinitrosalicylic acid reagent for determination of reducing sugar.","volume":"31","author":"Miller","year":"1959","journal-title":"Anal Chem."},{"key":"B43","first-page":"1107","article-title":"Automatic recording apparatus for use in the chromatography of amino acids.","volume":"17","author":"Moore","year":"1958","journal-title":"Federat Proc."},{"key":"B44","year":"1999","journal-title":"Official Methods of Analysis."},{"key":"B45","first-page":"1085","article-title":"Nitrogen \u2013 total.","author":"Bremner","year":"1996","journal-title":"Methods of Soil Analysis. Part 3, Chemical Methods."},{"key":"B46","author":"Chapman","year":"1961","journal-title":"Methods of Analysis for Soils, Plants and Waters."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"83","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2012.12.007","article-title":"Relations among pigments, color and phenolic concentrations in the peel of two Gala apple strains according to canopy position and light environment.","volume":"151","author":"Gonzalez-Talice","year":"2013","journal-title":"Sci Hortic."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1016\/j.plaphy.2019.09.030","article-title":"Metabolic features underlying the response of sweet cherry fruit to postharvest UV-C irradiation.","volume":"144","author":"Michailidis","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Physiol Biochem."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"815","DOI":"10.1111\/pce.13491","article-title":"Ultraviolet-C priming of strawberry leaves against subsequent Mycosphaerella fragariae infection involves the action of reactive oxygen species, plant hormones, and terpenes.","volume":"42","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Plant Cell Environ."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4639","DOI":"10.1093\/jxb\/eru301","article-title":"There\u2019s more than one way to skin a fruit: formation and functions of fruit cuticles.","volume":"65","author":"Martin","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Exp Bot."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2017.06.004","article-title":"Pre-storage kojic acid application delays pericarp browning and maintains antioxidant activities of litchi fruit.","volume":"132","author":"Shah","year":"2017","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol Technol."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1201","DOI":"10.1080\/15538362.2020.1782804","article-title":"Extraction of polyphenols from apple and pomegranate peels employing different extraction techniques for the development of functional date bars.","volume":"20","author":"Ranjha","year":"2020","journal-title":"Intern J Fruit Sci."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2014.01.007","article-title":"Colour and antioxidant capacity stability in grape, strawberry and plum peel model juices at different pHs and temperatures.","volume":"154","author":"Hern\u00e1ndez-Herrero","year":"2014","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1590\/fst.35319","article-title":"Physico-chemical and nutraceutical characterization of selected indigenous guava (Psidium guajava L.) cultivars.","volume":"41","author":"Yousaf","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Sci Technol."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9020196","article-title":"Profiling of flavonoid and antioxidant activity of fruit tissues from 27 Chinese local citrus cultivars.","volume":"9","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plants."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbio.2021.101276","article-title":"An investigation on polyphenol composition and content in skin of grape (Vitis vinifera L. cv. Hutai No. 8) fruit during ripening by UHPLC-MS2 technology combined with multivariate statistical analysis.","volume":"43","author":"Du","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Biosci."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2011.04.011","article-title":"Chilling injury in mango fruit peel: cultivar differences are related to the activity of phenylalanine ammonia lyase.","volume":"62","author":"Chidtragool","year":"2011","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol Technol."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"632","DOI":"10.1590\/S0101-20612013000400006","article-title":"Effect of postharvest temperature on the shelf life of gabiroba fruit (Campomanesia pubescens).","volume":"33","author":"Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Sci Technol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.postharvbio.2019.110960","article-title":"Aloe vera gel coating delays postharvest browning and maintains quality of harvested litchi fruit.","volume":"157","author":"Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol Technol."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"46","DOI":"10.1016\/j.aaspro.2016.12.008","article-title":"Analyzing lycopene content in fruits.","volume":"11","author":"Suwanaruang","year":"2016","journal-title":"Agric Agric Sci Proc."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1214","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.660","article-title":"Content of phenolic compounds and vitamin C and antioxidant activity in wasted parts of sudanese citrus fruits.","volume":"6","author":"Sir Elkhatim","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118635551.ch3","article-title":"Bioavailability of antioxidant compounds from fruits.","author":"Benzie","year":"2013","journal-title":"Bioactives in Fruit: Health Benefits and Functional Foods."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2713511","article-title":"Lycopene: food sources, biological activities, and human health benefits.","volume":"2021","author":"Khan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev."},{"key":"B64","author":"Holcombe","year":"1992","journal-title":"Fruit Growth and Development, Applied Botany."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1752-153X-6-66","article-title":"Carotenoids, total polyphenols and antioxidant activity of grapes (Vitis vinifera) cultivated in organic and conventional systems.","volume":"6","author":"Bunea","year":"2012","journal-title":"Chem Cen J."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-019-52717-1","article-title":"Green solvents and ultrasound-assisted extraction of bioactive orange (Citrus sinensis) peel compounds.","volume":"9","author":"Montero-Calderon","year":"2019","journal-title":"Sci Rep."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.scienta.2020.109506","article-title":"Effect of gum arabic and Aloe vera gel based edible coatings in combination with plant extracts on postharvest quality and storability of \u2018Gola\u2019guava fruits.","volume":"271","author":"Anjum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Sci Horti."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1809","DOI":"10.1111\/jpn.13375","article-title":"Health benefits of carotenoids and potential application in poultry industry: a review.","volume":"104","author":"Nabi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Anim Phys Anim Nutr."},{"key":"B69","year":"2021","journal-title":"Special Issue \u201cTotal Antioxidant Capacity in Health and Disease."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1101","DOI":"10.4141\/cjps2011-239","article-title":"Factors affecting the antioxidant potential and health benefits of plant foods.","volume":"92","author":"Li","year":"2012","journal-title":"Can J Plant Sci."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8915729","article-title":"Bioactive flavonoids, antioxidant behaviour, and cytoprotective effects of dried grapefruit peels (Citrus paradisi macf.).","volume":"2016","author":"Castro-Vazquez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"262","DOI":"10.1590\/s1516-8913201500371","article-title":"Physicochemical and antioxidant properties of kiwifruit as a function of cultivar and fruit harvested month.","volume":"58","author":"Pal","year":"2015","journal-title":"Braz Arch Biol Technol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1986","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-019-02835-z","article-title":"Neuroprotective effects of methanolic extract of avocado Persea americana (var. Colinred) peel on paraquat-induced locomotor impairment, lipid peroxidation and shortage of life span in transgenic knockdown parkin drosophila melanogaster.","volume":"44","author":"Ortega-Arellano","year":"2019","journal-title":"Neurochem Res."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tifs.2021.01.083","article-title":"Improved nutritional quality in fruit tree species through traditional and biotechnological approaches.","volume":"117","author":"Sabbadini","year":"2021","journal-title":"Trends Food Sci Technol."},{"key":"B75","year":"2015","journal-title":"Guideline: Sugar Intake for Adults and Children\u201d (PDF) 4. Archived (PDF) from the Original on 4 July 2018."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-0-12-822845-6.00019-1","article-title":"Compositional determinants of fruit and vegetable quality and nutritional value.","author":"Vicente","year":"2022","journal-title":"Postharvest Handling."},{"key":"B77","author":"Case","year":"2010","journal-title":"Canine and Feline Nutrition-E-Book: A Resource for Companion Animal Professionals."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules24244500","article-title":"Amino acid profile of fruits as potential fingerprints of varietal origin.","volume":"24","author":"Botoran","year":"2019","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"B79","year":"2007","journal-title":"Protein and Amino Acid Requirements in Human Nutrition, Report of a Joint FAO\/WHO\/UNU Expert Consultation."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2020.103608","article-title":"Carotenoids, chlorophylls, vitamin E and amino acid profile in fruits of nineteen chaenomeles cultivars.","volume":"93","author":"Turkiewicz","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Food Compos Anal."},{"key":"B81","first-page":"2017","article-title":"Nutrition and dietetic practice free amino acid compositions for fruits.","volume":"1","author":"Ito","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nutr Diet Pract."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.17113\/ftb.54.04.16.4248","article-title":"Biochemistry of apple aroma: a review.","volume":"54","author":"Espino-D\u00edaz","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Technol Biotechnol."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1080\/00032719.2014.930869","article-title":"Determination of amino acids in corn seed by gas chromatography\u2013 mass spectrometry.","volume":"48","author":"Culea","year":"2015","journal-title":"Anal Lett."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1016\/S0925-5214(03)00098-X","article-title":"Fatty acids as precursors for aroma volatile biosynthesis in pre-climacteric and climacteric apple fruit.","volume":"30","author":"Song","year":"2003","journal-title":"Postharvest Biol Technol."},{"key":"B85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"555","DOI":"10.1007\/s12011-019-01727-1","article-title":"Mineral content of the pulp and peel of various citrus fruit cultivars.","volume":"193","author":"Czech","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biol Trace Elem Res."},{"key":"B86","author":"Baghurst","year":"2003","journal-title":"Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization (Australia), Health Sciences and Nutrition, Horticulture Australia Update of Citrus Health Benefits Literature Review."},{"key":"B87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1007\/978-94-007-7500-8_2","article-title":"Sodium and potassium in health and disease.","author":"Pohl","year":"2013","journal-title":"Interrelations Between Essential Metal ions and Human Diseases."},{"key":"B88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8070444","article-title":"Potassium intake, bioavailability, hypertension, and glucose control.","volume":"8","author":"Stone","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1892","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.03.090","article-title":"Antioxidant capacity and mineral content of pulp and peel from commercial cultivars of citrus from Brazil.","volume":"134","author":"Barros","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15361\/1984-5529.2017v45n1p64-72","article-title":"Factors affecting citrus fruit quality: emphasis on mineral nutrition.","volume":"45","author":"Aular","year":"2017","journal-title":"Cient\u00edfica."},{"key":"B91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"530","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-4337.2012.00201.x","article-title":"History, global distribution, and nutritional importance of citrus fruits.","volume":"11","author":"Liu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf."},{"key":"B92","first-page":"491","article-title":"The protective effects of pomelo extract (Citrus grandis L. Osbeck) against fructose-mediated protein oxidation and glycation.","volume":"12","author":"Caengprasath","year":"2013","journal-title":"EXCLI J."},{"key":"B93","first-page":"104","article-title":"Genetic diversity of wheat genotypes based on principal component analysis in Gangetic alluvial soil of West Bengal.","volume":"10","author":"Bhanupriya","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Crop Weed."},{"key":"B94","first-page":"40","article-title":"Genetic diversity and genotype by trait analysis for agro-morphological and physiological traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).","volume":"47","author":"Mishra","year":"2015","journal-title":"SABRAO J Breed Genet."},{"key":"B95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1080\/15538362.2018.1444532","article-title":"Tropical fruits as natural, exceptionally rich, sources of bioactive compounds.","volume":"18","author":"Pereira-Netto","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Fruit Sci."},{"key":"B96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1043","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2011.01.008","article-title":"Comparison of abts\/dpph assays to measure antioxidant capacity in popular antioxidant-rich us foods.","volume":"24","author":"Floegel","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Food Compos Anal."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.1065698\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]],"date-time":"2023-02-02T05:29:48Z","timestamp":1675315788000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.1065698\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"references-count":96,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2022.1065698"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.1065698","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,2]]},"article-number":"1065698"}}