{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,24]],"date-time":"2026-09-24T03:56:54Z","timestamp":1790222214390,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":52,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1673308800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    In the current study, cornstarch-based antimicrobial and edible films were designed using solution-casting methods. The medicinal plants (\n                    <jats:italic>Acontium heterophyllum, Artemisia annua<\/jats:italic>\n                    , and\n                    <jats:italic>Thymus serpyllum<\/jats:italic>\n                    ) reinforced the gelatinized solution in different concentrations as fillers. The effect of plant extracts on antimicrobial and antioxidant potential, microstructure, barrier, thermal and mechanical properties of cornstarch-based films (SBFs) was investigated using antimicrobial activity, DPPH free radical scavenging values, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, water vapor transmission rate, differential scanning calorimetry, and tensile strength. Likewise, it was depicted that the geometric and crystalline structures of medicinal plants\u2019 reinforced films remained the same even after processing. The mechanical tests indicated that the plant extracts effects are associated with reduced elongation, increasing tensile strength, and Young\u2019s modulus. Morphological analysis revealed the generation of uniform and the compact surfaces. However, films with 10% concentration of plant extracts have the lowest water vapor permeability values, and emerged better barrier properties. Moreover, these films showed the significant antioxidant potential and antimicrobial activity.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1066337","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T16:22:03Z","timestamp":1673367723000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":17,"title":["Starch-based environment friendly, edible and antimicrobial films reinforced with medicinal plants"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Amjad","family":"Ali","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdul","family":"Basit","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Azhar","family":"Hussain","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shehla","family":"Sammi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asif","family":"Wali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gulden","family":"Goksen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ali","family":"Muhammad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Furukh","family":"Faiz","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Monica","family":"Trif","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandru","family":"Rusu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Muhammad Faisal","family":"Manzoor","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/573452","author":"Ramana","year":"2014","journal-title":"Therapeutic Potential of Natural Pharmacological Agents in the Treatment of human Diseases."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4236\/ijcm.2015.69084","article-title":"The application of medicinal plants in traditional and modern medicine: a review of Thymus vulgaris.","volume":"6","author":"Hosseinzadeh","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Clin Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.22270\/jddt.v2i6.319","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of various parts of Punica granatum: a review.","volume":"2","author":"Gunjan","year":"2012","journal-title":"J. Drug Deliv Ther."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.901342","article-title":"A narrative review of recent advances in rapid assessment of anthocyanins in agricultural and food products.","volume":"9","author":"Manzoor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1179\/136485908X311858","article-title":"Bacterial infections in children with visceral leishmaniasis: observations made in Kerman Province, southern Iran, between 1997 and 2007.","volume":"102","author":"Barati","year":"2008","journal-title":"Ann Trop Med Parasitol."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2009.00268.x","article-title":"Pomegranate and breast cancer: possible mechanisms of prevention.","volume":"68","author":"Sturgeon","year":"2010","journal-title":"Nutr Rev."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.12974","article-title":"Novel extraction techniques and pharmaceutical activities of luteolin and its derivatives.","volume":"43","author":"Manzoor","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Food Biochem."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2021.105686","article-title":"Novel extraction, rapid assessment and bioavailability improvement of quercetin: a review.","volume":"78","author":"Manzoor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ultrason Sonochem."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/6531483","article-title":"Assessing the nutritional-value-based therapeutic potentials and non-destructive approaches for mulberry fruit assessment: an overview.","volume":"2022","author":"Manzoor","year":"2022","journal-title":"Comput Intell Neurosci."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"635","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-4337.2010.00131.x","article-title":"Pomegranate and its many functional components as related to human health: a review.","volume":"9","author":"Viuda-Martos","year":"2010","journal-title":"Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2360","DOI":"10.1002\/jsfa.7069","article-title":"Postharvest biology and technology of pomegranate.","volume":"95","author":"Pareek","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Sci Food Agric."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"183","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2013.10.006","article-title":"Chemical composition, antimicrobial, antioxidant and antitumor activity of Thymus serpyllum L., Thymus algeriensis Boiss. and Reut and Thymus vulgaris L. essential oils.","volume":"52","author":"Nikoli\u0107","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ind Crops Prod."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0183047","article-title":"Differences in chemical constituents of Artemisia annua L from different geographical regions in China.","volume":"12","author":"Zhang","year":"2017","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B14","article-title":"Bioactive compounds and health benefits of Artemisia species.","volume":"14","author":"Nigam","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Prod Commun."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0975-9476.59825","article-title":"Cyperus rotundus, a substitute for Aconitum heterophyllum: studies on the Ayurvedic concept of Abhava pratinidhi dravya (drug substitution).","volume":"1","author":"Venkatasubramanian","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Ayurveda Integr Med."},{"key":"B16","first-page":"1566","article-title":"Anti-inflammatory activity of Aconitum heterophyllum on cotton pellet-induced granuloma in rats.","volume":"4","author":"Verma","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Med Plants Res."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3368","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bmc.2017.04.022","article-title":"Antioxidant and anticholinesterase potential of diterpenoid alkaloids from Aconitum heterophyllum.","volume":"25","author":"Ahmad","year":"2017","journal-title":"Bioorg Med Chem."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2008.04.007","article-title":"Physical and antimicrobial properties of grape seed extract, nisin, and EDTA incorporated soy protein edible films.","volume":"41","author":"Sivarooban","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Res Int."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2014.11.040","article-title":"Effects of flaxseed oil concentration on the performance of a soy protein isolate-based emulsion-type film.","volume":"67","author":"Hopkins","year":"2015","journal-title":"Food Res Int."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27165152","article-title":"Natural plant extracts: an update about novel spraying as an alternative of chemical pesticides to extend the postharvest shelf life of fruits and vegetables.","volume":"27","author":"Shahbaz","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mattod.2015.02.014","article-title":"Nanosilver: safety, health and environmental effects and role in antimicrobial resistance.","volume":"18","author":"Hartemann","year":"2015","journal-title":"Mater Today."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2022.2106182","article-title":"Fucoidan-based nanomaterial and its multifunctional role for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications.","author":"Iqbal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1053","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biotechadv.2014.04.004","article-title":"Curcumin, a component of golden spice: from bedside to bench and back.","volume":"32","author":"Prasad","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biotechnol Adv."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2443","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.2851","article-title":"Influence of guar gum and chitosan enriched with lemon peel essential oil coatings on the quality of pears.","volume":"10","author":"Iftikhar","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2058","DOI":"10.1007\/s11947-012-0835-4","article-title":"Edible and biodegradable starch films: a review.","volume":"5","author":"Jim\u00e9nez","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Bioprocess Technol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.12.042","article-title":"Functional properties of dually modified sago starch\/kappa-carrageenan films: an alternative to gelatin in pharmaceutical capsules.","volume":"160","author":"Oladzadabbasabadi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"733","DOI":"10.1080\/00914037.2013.879445","article-title":"Studies on magnesium oxide reinforced chitosan bionanocomposite incorporated with clove oil for active food packaging application.","volume":"63","author":"Sanuja","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Polym Mater Polym Biomater."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"953","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1996.tb10909.x","article-title":"Mechanical and barrier properties of edible chitosan films as affected by composition and storage.","volume":"61","author":"Butler","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Food Sci."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.2000.tb10261.x","article-title":"Water vapor transmission rates and sorption behavior of chitosan films.","volume":"65","author":"Wiles","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Food Sci."},{"key":"B30","first-page":"165","article-title":"In vitro screening of five local medicinal plants for antibacterial activity using disc diffusion method","volume":"22","author":"Zaidan","year":"2005","journal-title":"Trop. Biomed"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/S0023-6438(95)80008-5","article-title":"Use of a free radical method to evaluate antioxidant activity.","volume":"28","author":"Brand-Williams","year":"1995","journal-title":"LWT Food Sci Technol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"39","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2621.1994.tb02045.x","article-title":"Edible composite films of wheat gluten and lipids: water vapour permeability and other physical properties.","volume":"29","author":"Gontard","year":"1994","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Technol."},{"key":"B33","author":"Steel","year":"1986","journal-title":"Principles and Procedures of Statistics: a Biometrical Approach."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.02.078","article-title":"Chitosan-based biodegradable active food packaging film containing Chinese chive (Allium tuberosum) root extract for food application.","volume":"150","author":"Riaz","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2016.02.024","article-title":"Self-bonded composite films based on cellulose nanofibers and chitin nanocrystals as antifungal materials.","volume":"144","author":"Robles","year":"2016","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"593","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2012.12.042","article-title":"Characterization of starch films containing starch nanoparticles: part 1: physical and mechanical properties.","volume":"96","author":"Shi","year":"2013","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/B978-1-895198-91-1.50003-8","author":"Wypych","year":"2016","journal-title":"\u201c1 \u2013 INTRODUCTION\u201d, in: Handbook of Fillers."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1120","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.09.068","article-title":"Starch-based antimicrobial films functionalized by pomegranate peel.","volume":"129","author":"Ali","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2018.07.003","article-title":"Chitosan films incorporated with Apricot (Prunus armeniaca) kernel essential oil as active food packaging material.","volume":"85","author":"Priyadarshi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jfpe.12305","article-title":"Physicochemical properties of chitosan films incorporated with honeysuckle flower extract for active food packaging.","volume":"40","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Food Process Eng."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1234","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2018.12.196","article-title":"Mango leaf extract incorporated chitosan antioxidant film for active food packaging.","volume":"126","author":"Rambabu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fpsl.2018.02.003","article-title":"Synthesis, characterization and biological evaluation of chitosan film incorporated with \u03b2-Carotene loaded starch nanocrystals.","volume":"16","author":"Hari","year":"2018","journal-title":"Food Packag Shelf Life."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"250","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2015.10.127","article-title":"Green and biodegradable composite films with novel antimicrobial performance based on cellulose.","volume":"197","author":"Wu","year":"2016","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2016.05.048","article-title":"Phytochemical analysis, antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of Allium roseum var. odoratissimum (Desf.) Coss extracts.","volume":"89","author":"Snoussi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ind Crops Prod."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijfoodmicro.2016.10.007","article-title":"Antimicrobial effect of the Tunisian Nana variety Punica granatum L. extracts against Salmonella enterica (serovars Kentucky and Enteritidis) isolated from chicken meat and phenolic composition of its peel extract.","volume":"241","author":"Wafa","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Food Microbiol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"680","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2018.10.068","article-title":"An overview of organosulfur compounds from Allium spp.: from processing and preservation to evaluation of their bioavailability, antimicrobial, and anti-inflammatory properties.","volume":"276","author":"Putnik","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"944","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2019.02.045","article-title":"Preparation and characterization of edible starch film reinforced by laver.","volume":"129","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"461","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2006.11.002","article-title":"Protective effect of Lycium barbarum polysaccharides on streptozotocin-induced oxidative stress in rats.","volume":"40","author":"Li","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"521","DOI":"10.1016\/j.carbpol.2007.09.019","article-title":"Effect of nano-SiO2 on the performance of starch\/polyvinyl alcohol blend films.","volume":"72","author":"Tang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Carbohydr Polym."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1860","DOI":"10.1016\/j.polymer.2008.02.020","article-title":"Simultaneous reinforcing and toughening: new nanocomposites of waterborne polyurethane filled with low loading level of starch nanocrystals.","volume":"49","author":"Chen","year":"2008","journal-title":"Polymer."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2651","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ces.2009.02.006","article-title":"Behavior of biocomposite materials from flax strands and starch-based biopolymer.","volume":"64","author":"Ca\u00f1igueral","year":"2009","journal-title":"Chem Eng Sci."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"575","DOI":"10.1016\/j.compositesb.2012.02.039","article-title":"Influence of natural fillers on the properties of starch-based biocomposite films.","volume":"44","author":"Bodirlau","year":"2013","journal-title":"Compos Part B Eng."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.1066337\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]],"date-time":"2023-01-10T16:22:15Z","timestamp":1673367735000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.1066337\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]},"references-count":52,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2022.1066337"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.1066337","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,1,10]]},"article-number":"1066337"}}