{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T15:01:55Z","timestamp":1789138915503,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1649116800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003627","name":"Rural Development Administration","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003627","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Quantitative evidence of the metabolic and cardiovascular effects of apples (<jats:italic>Malus domestica<\/jats:italic>) is lacking in interventional studies. This study aimed to summarize the available evidence of the beneficial effects of apples and apple-derived products (ADPs) on metabolic and cardiovascular markers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Peer-reviewed randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were identified from four databases on May 3, 2021 and regularly updated until the end of May 2021. Demographic characteristics, intervention types, and evaluation parameters were extracted. A meta-analysis on the mean difference of change scores was conducted on commonly presented outcomes in the RCTs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The metabolic and cardiovascular effects of diverse regimens, including whole apple, apple extract, and apple juice, were examined in 18 eligible RCTs. Nine common evaluation outcomes were eventually introduced to the meta-analysis, including total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, and systolic\/diastolic blood pressures. The levels of TC (\u22122.69 mg\/dL; 95% CI: \u22125.43, 0.04 mg\/dL) and LDL (\u22122.80 mg\/dL; 95% CI: \u22125.78, 0.17 mg\/dL) showed a non-significant decreasing tendency after at least a week of apple consumption. Further subgroup analysis, particularly, a comparison with placebo as a control, showed a significant reduction in TC and LDL levels. When stratified by the baseline level, subjects with high TC and LDL level were shown to have more benefits from the apple intake. Intriguingly, apple and ADPs significantly reduced HDL levels to a small extent (\u22121.04 mg\/dL; 95% CI: \u22121.79, \u22120.29 mg\/dL). The other markers were mostly unaffected by the intervention.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our investigation revealed that apples could improve blood cholesterol levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Systematic Review Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>[<jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/prospero\/<\/jats:ext-link>], identifier [CRD42020215977].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.766155","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T07:07:12Z","timestamp":1649142432000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":30,"title":["Metabolic and Cardiovascular Benefits of Apple and Apple-Derived Products: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Sun Jo","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Hoang","family":"Anh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheol Woon","family":"Jung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nguyen Phuoc","family":"Long","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Seongoh","family":"Park","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Hyun","family":"Cho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Young Cheol","family":"Yoon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eun Goo","family":"Lee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mina","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Eui Young","family":"Son","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tae Ha","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yingqian","family":"Deng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Johan","family":"Lim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sung Won","family":"Kwon","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqz282","article-title":"Two apples a day lower serum cholesterol and improve cardiometabolic biomarkers in mildly hypercholesterolemic adults: a randomized, controlled, crossover trial.","volume":"111","author":"Koutsos","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"777","DOI":"10.1001\/jamainternmed.2014.5466","article-title":"Association between apple consumption and physician visits: appealing the conventional wisdom that an apple a day keeps the doctor away.","volume":"175","author":"Davis","year":"2015","journal-title":"JAMA Intern Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2206","DOI":"10.1080\/10942912.2016.1233431","article-title":"Bioactive phytochemicals in apple cultivars from the Portuguese protected geographical indication \u201cMa\u00e7\u00e3 de Alcoba\u00e7a:\u201d basis for market segmentation.","volume":"20","author":"Almeida","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Food Prop."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"627","DOI":"10.1080\/07315724.2018.1447411","article-title":"Weight loss associated with consumption of apples: a review.","volume":"37","author":"Asgary","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Am Coll Nutr."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/plants9111408","article-title":"Malus domestica: a review on nutritional features, chemical composition, traditional and medicinal value.","volume":"9","author":"Patocka","year":"2020","journal-title":"Plants."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1400","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.6.1400","article-title":"Flavonoid intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease in women.","volume":"77","author":"Sesso","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"478","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.312.7029.478","article-title":"Flavonoid intake and coronary mortality in Finland: a cohort study.","volume":"312","author":"Knekt","year":"1996","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1016\/s0899-9007(02)00850-x","article-title":"Weight loss associated with a daily intake of three apples or three pears among overweight women.","volume":"19","author":"Concei\u00e7\u00e3o de Oliveira","year":"2003","journal-title":"Nutrition."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"927","DOI":"10.1039\/c6fo01378c","article-title":"Apple and pear consumption and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.","volume":"8","author":"Guo","year":"2017","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzz109","article-title":"Effects of intake of apples, pears, or their products on cardiometabolic risk factors and clinical outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"3","author":"Gayer","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Dev Nutr."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-020-02214-3","article-title":"Safety and side effects of apple vinegar intake and its effect on metabolic parameters and body weight: a systematic review.","volume":"59","author":"Launholt","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.n71","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews.","volume":"372","author":"Page","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13643-016-0384-4","article-title":"Rayyan\u2014a web and mobile app for systematic reviews.","volume":"5","author":"Ouzzani","year":"2016","journal-title":"Syst Rev."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"140","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/31.1.140","article-title":"Meta-analyses involving cross-over trials: methodological issues.","volume":"31","author":"Elbourne","year":"2002","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"143","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604.ch6","article-title":"Choosing effect measures and computing estimates of effect.","author":"Higgins","year":"","journal-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119536604.ch23","article-title":"Including variants on randomized trials.","author":"Higgins","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.l4898","article-title":"RoB 2: a revised tool for assessing risk of bias in randomised trials.","volume":"366","author":"Sterne","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"924","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39489.470347.AD","article-title":"GRADE: an emerging consensus on rating quality of evidence and strength of recommendations.","volume":"336","author":"Guyatt","year":"2008","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"752","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqab094","article-title":"Daily apple consumption reduces plasma and peripheral blood mononuclear cell\u2013secreted inflammatory biomarkers in adults with overweight and obesity: a 6-week randomized, controlled, parallel-arm trial.","volume":"114","author":"Liddle","year":"2021","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2012.05.005","article-title":"Daily apple versus dried plum: impact on cardiovascular disease risk factors in postmenopausal women.","volume":"112","author":"Chai","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201700373","article-title":"Effect of apple polyphenols on vascular oxidative stress and endothelium function: a translational study.","volume":"61","author":"Cicero","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res."},{"key":"B22","first-page":"94","article-title":"Effects of apple consumption on lipid profile of hyperlipidemic and overweight men.","volume":"2","author":"Vafa","year":"2011","journal-title":"Int J Prev Med."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.5650\/jos.59.321","article-title":"Evaluation of safety of excessive intake and efficacy of long-term intake of beverages containing apple polyphenols.","volume":"59","author":"Akazome","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Oleo Sci."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1176","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114511004120","article-title":"Hypocholesterolaemic effects of lupin protein and pea protein\/fibre combinations in moderately hypercholesterolaemic individuals.","volume":"107","author":"Sirtori","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Nutr."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"841","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-011-0264-6","article-title":"Moderate effects of apple juice consumption on obesity-related markers in obese men: impact of diet-gene interaction on body fat content.","volume":"51","author":"Barth","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"43","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diabres.2017.03.028","article-title":"Chronic administration of apple polyphenols ameliorates hyperglycaemia in high-normal and borderline subjects: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"129","author":"Shoji","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diabetes Res Clin Pract."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2019.0044","article-title":"Effects of dried apple consumption on body composition, serum lipid profile, glucose regulation, and inflammatory markers in overweight and obese children.","volume":"23","author":"Eisner","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Med Food."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"132","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnesp.2019.06.006","article-title":"The effect of apple vinegar consumption on glycemic indices, blood pressure, oxidative stress, and homocysteine in patients with type 2 diabetes and dyslipidemia: a randomized controlled clinical trial.","volume":"33","author":"Gheflati","year":"2019","journal-title":"Clin Nutr ESPEN."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-015-0025-2","article-title":"Identification of a botanical inhibitor of intestinal diacylglyceride acyltransferase 1 activity via in vitro screening and a parallel, randomized, blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial.","volume":"12","author":"Velliquette","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"29","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2014.05.026","article-title":"Consumption of both low and high (-)-epicatechin apple puree attenuates platelet reactivity and increases plasma concentrations of nitric oxide metabolites: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"559","author":"Gasper","year":"2014","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201700674","article-title":"Flavonoid-rich apple improves endothelial function in individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease: a randomized controlled clinical trial.","volume":"62","author":"Bondonno","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1875","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-012-0489-z","article-title":"Intake of whole apples or clear apple juice has contrasting effects on plasma lipids in healthy volunteers.","volume":"52","author":"Ravn-Haren","year":"2013","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1006","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/nqy139","article-title":"Lack of acute or chronic effects of epicatechin-rich and procyanidin-rich apple extracts on blood pressure and cardiometabolic biomarkers in adults with moderately elevated blood pressure: a randomized, placebo-controlled crossover trial.","volume":"108","author":"Hollands","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2010.135","article-title":"The regular consumption of a polyphenol-rich apple does not influence endothelial function: a randomised double-blind trial in hypercholesterolemic adults.","volume":"64","author":"Auclair","year":"2010","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-017-0291-0","article-title":"The effect of an apple polyphenol extract rich in epicatechin and flavan-3-ol oligomers on brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilatory function in volunteers with elevated blood pressure.","volume":"16","author":"Saarenhovi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutr J."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11010122","article-title":"Lactofermented annurca apple puree as a functional food indicated for the control of plasma lipid and oxidative amine levels: results from a randomised clinical trial.","volume":"11","author":"Tenore","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"85","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phanu.2018.05.001","article-title":"A nutraceutical formulation based on annurca apple polyphenolic extract is effective on intestinal cholesterol absorption: a randomised, placebo-controlled, crossover study.","volume":"6","author":"Tenore","year":"2018","journal-title":"PharmaNutrition."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1645","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-014-0670-7","article-title":"Effects of regular consumption of vitamin C-rich or polyphenol-rich apple juice on cardiometabolic markers in healthy adults: a randomized crossover trial.","volume":"53","author":"Soriano-Maldonado","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1650","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2015.1008980","article-title":"Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of cardiovascular disease: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies.","volume":"57","author":"Zhan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1111\/jch.12777","article-title":"Fruit and vegetables consumption and risk of hypertension: a meta-analysis.","volume":"18","author":"Li","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Clin Hypertens."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2588","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/136.10.2588","article-title":"Fruit and vegetable consumption and risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis of cohort studies.","volume":"136","author":"Dauchet","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"615","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-020-02299-w","article-title":"Effects of chronic consumption of specific fruit (berries, citrus and cherries) on CVD risk factors: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.","volume":"60","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1029","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyw319","article-title":"Fruit and vegetable intake and the risk of cardiovascular disease, total cancer and all-cause mortality\u2014a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective studies.","volume":"46","author":"Aune","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu8030159","article-title":"Fruit intake and abdominal aortic calcification in elderly women: a prospective cohort study.","volume":"8","author":"Bondonno","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"565","DOI":"10.17179\/excli2016-483","article-title":"Apple as a source of dietary phytonutrients: an update on the potential health benefits of apple.","volume":"15","author":"Hyun","year":"2016","journal-title":"EXCLI J."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2891-3-5","article-title":"Apple phytochemicals and their health benefits.","volume":"3","author":"Boyer","year":"2004","journal-title":"Nutr J."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13020672","article-title":"Efficacy of polyphenols in the management of dyslipidemia: a focus on clinical studies.","volume":"13","author":"Feldman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3862","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2019.1709801","article-title":"The effects and associations of whole-apple intake on diverse cardiovascular risk factors. A narrative review.","volume":"60","author":"Sandoval-Ram\u00edrez","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"684","DOI":"10.3945\/an.116.014852","article-title":"Effects of anthocyanins on cardiometabolic health: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.","volume":"8","author":"Yang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Adv Nutr."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"58","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.115.128819","article-title":"Dietary epicatechin intake and 25-y risk of cardiovascular mortality: the zutphen elderly study.","volume":"104","author":"Dower","year":"2016","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2507","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-020-02424-9","article-title":"Association between flavonoid intake and risk of hypertension in two cohorts of Australian women: a longitudinal study.","volume":"60","author":"do Rosario","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur J Nutr."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665116000355","article-title":"Acute effects of apple and blackcurrant polyphenol-rich extracts on postprandial glycaemia and vascular function in healthy men and women.","volume":"75","author":"Castro-Acosta","year":"2016","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2020.108466","article-title":"Apple polyphenol-rich drinks dose-dependently decrease early-phase postprandial glucose concentrations following a high-carbohydrate meal: a randomized controlled trial in healthy adults and in vitro studies.","volume":"85","author":"Prpa","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jnutbio.2017.07.013","article-title":"Apple and blackcurrant polyphenol-rich drinks decrease postprandial glucose, insulin and incretin response to a high-carbohydrate meal in healthy men and women.","volume":"49","author":"Castro-Acosta","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Nutr Biochem."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12986-016-0088-8","article-title":"Apple polyphenol extract improves insulin sensitivity in vitro and in vivo in animal models of insulin resistance.","volume":"13","author":"Manzano","year":"2016","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1158","DOI":"10.1089\/jmf.2017.0152","article-title":"Acute effects of dried apple consumption on metabolic and cognitive responses in healthy individuals.","volume":"21","author":"Sansone","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Med Food."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"545","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(70)91348-6","article-title":"Serum-insulin or plasma-insulin ?","volume":"296","author":"Henderson","year":"1970","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2011.09.028","article-title":"Flavonoid-rich apples and nitrate-rich spinach augment nitric oxide status and improve endothelial function in healthy men and women: a randomized controlled trial.","volume":"52","author":"Bondonno","year":"2012","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.766155\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]],"date-time":"2022-04-05T07:07:22Z","timestamp":1649142442000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.766155\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"references-count":58,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2022.766155"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.766155","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,4,5]]},"article-number":"766155"}}