{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T19:18:25Z","timestamp":1792005505071,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1653350400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p><jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>C. butyricum<\/jats:italic>) is currently widely used to improve the body health and productive performance of monogastric animals. However, there have been few reports on the effects and specific mechanism of action of <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic> in ruminants. This study aimed to investigate the effects of <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic> supplementation on the growth performance and digestive microbiota of fattening goats. Twenty-four healthy male Albas goats (body weight = 22 \u00b1 2.03 kg) were randomly divided into 3 treatment groups with eight goats in each group. The treatments were as follows: control group (CON) (basal diet, concentrate to forage ratio = 65:35); low-dose <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic> (LCB) (basal diet plus 2.0 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>8<\/jats:sup> CFU\/kg <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic>); and high-dose <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic> (HCB) (basal diet plus 1.0 \u00d7 10<jats:sup>9<\/jats:sup> CFU\/kg <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic>). The experiment lasted for 8 weeks after a 2-week adaptation period. Therefore, growth performance and rumen and rectum microbiota were evaluated in goats supplemented with <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic> and its metabolites. The results showed that dietary supplementation with <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic> significantly increased the pH (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), but had no significant effect on growth performance (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt; 0.05). Compared with the control group, dietary <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic> supplementation significantly increased the relative abundance of <jats:italic>Prevotella_1, Christensenellaceae AE_R-7_Group<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Prevotellaceae AE_UCG-003<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), and significantly decreased <jats:italic>Succiniclasticum<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Muribaculaceae_unclassified<\/jats:italic> (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05). The relative abundance of <jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic> in the rumen was &amp;lt;1.0%. Moreover, 16S rDNA analysis showed that the fecal <jats:italic>Clostridium<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic> count was significantly decreased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05), and the relative abundance of <jats:italic>Alistipes<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic> was increased (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.10) in the low-dose group compared with the control group. Supplementing <jats:italic>Clostridium butyricum<\/jats:italic> in a high-concentrate diet did not significantly affect the performance of goats, while regulation of the gastrointestinal microbiota and related metabolites was associated with rumen fermentation.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.888191","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,5,24]],"date-time":"2022-05-24T16:45:23Z","timestamp":1653410723000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":21,"title":["Effects of Dietary Supplementation With Clostridium butyricum on Growth Performance, Apparent Digestibility, Blood Metabolites, Ruminal Fermentation and Bacterial Communities of Fattening 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