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Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>The purpose of this study was to investigate the structural characterization and immunological activity <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic> and <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic> of a polysaccharide from the rhizome of <jats:italic>Menispermum dauricum<\/jats:italic>. A new polysaccharide named MDP was isolated from the rhizome of <jats:italic>Menispermum dauricum<\/jats:italic> by hot water extraction, ethanol precipitation, anion-exchange, and gel-filtration chromatography. MDP was homogeneous and had a molecular weight of 6.16 \u00d710<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> Da, and it was an \u03b1-D-glucan containing a (1 \u2192 6)-linked backbone, with a glucosyl residue at the C-3 position along the main chain. MDP exhibited immunological activity <jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>, which could significantly promote the proliferation and phagocytosis of RAW264.7 cells and the release of TNF-\u03b1 and IL-6 factors. For immunological activity <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. MDP could significantly increase the thymus and spleen indices, enhance the macrophage function, increase the level of cytokine (IL-6 and TNF-\u03b1) and immunoglobulin IgM in the serum and regulate T lymphocyte subsets. Furthermore, MDP elevated the expression of the critical nodes in the TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathways <jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. These results support the concept that MDP may exhibit immunological activity through TLR4-MyD88 signaling pathway in <jats:italic>vivo<\/jats:italic>.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.922569","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T06:45:58Z","timestamp":1655275558000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Structure Characterization, Immunological Activity, and Mechanism of a Polysaccharide From the Rhizome of Menispermum dauricum 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