{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:07:59Z","timestamp":1753891679226,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1663891200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L7-1849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L7-1849"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004329","name":"Javna Agencija za Raziskovalno Dejavnost RS","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["P3-0395"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["P3-0395"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004329","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100019896","name":"Ministrstvo za zdravje","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["L7-1849"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["L7-1849"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100019896","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Vitamin D and its adequate status are related to many aspects of human health; therefore, an appropriate tool is needed for the valid assessment of vitamin D status. The main contributor to vitamin D status is endogenous synthesis after cutaneous exposure to ultraviolet B light (UVB), but in the absence of UVB radiation, vitamin D intake becomes an important source of vitamin D. Various tools are available for vitamin D intake assessments, with the Food Frequency Questionnaire (FFQ) being among the fastest, cheapest, and most convenient; however, until now, these tools have not been adapted for the Slovenia (SI). To enable valid vitamin D intake estimation, we developed a simple one-page semi-quantitative FFQ (sqFFQ\/SI) and tested its validity using a 5-day dietary record (DR) as a reference method. The reproducibility was tested with the second sqFFQ\/SI (sqFFQ\/SI2) 6 weeks after the first (sqFFQ\/SI1). The validity and reproducibility of this method were tested on 54 participants using Bland\u2013Altman plots, Spearman\u2019s correlation, and Kappa analyses of tertiles. The mean daily vitamin D intake was 3.50 \u00b1 1.91 \u03bcg according to the 5-day DR, and 2.99 \u00b1 1.35 and 3.31 \u00b1 1.67 \u03bcg according to the sqFFQ\/SI1 and repeated sqFFQ\/SI (sqFFQ\/SI2), respectively. When analyzing for validity, the sqFFQ\/SI1 was found to be significantly correlated (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.05) with the 5-day DR, with an acceptable correlation coefficient of 0.268 and a Bland\u2013Altman index of 3.7%. For reproducibility, the correlation between the sqFFQ\/SI1 and sqFFQ\/SI2 was highly significant (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001), with a good correlation coefficient of 0.689 and a Bland\u2013Altman index of 3.7%. Kappa analyses of tertiles showed a poor validity and acceptable reproducibility. Overall, we observed a higher reproducibility than validity. Validation and reproducibility analyses demonstrated that the proposed sqFFQ\/SI is acceptable and is, therefore, an appropriate tool for the effective assessment of habitual vitamin D intake on an individual level. With this consideration, this tool will be used in further population studies to assess vitamin D intake and for the development of a screening tool for the assessment of the risk for vitamin D deficiency, which will be used as a foundation for evidence-based policy-making decisions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.950874","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,23]],"date-time":"2022-09-23T06:23:05Z","timestamp":1663914185000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Validation of the food frequency questionnaire for the assessment of dietary vitamin D 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