{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T06:50:00Z","timestamp":1789541400603,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1671667200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>The acute physiology and chronic health evaluation (APACHE), sepsis-related organ failure assessment (SOFA), score for pneumonia severity (CURB-65) scales, a low phase angle (PA) and low muscle strength (MS) have demonstrated their prognostic risk for mortality in hospitalized adults. However, no study has compared the prognostic risk between these scales and changes in body composition in a single study in adults with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia. The great inflammation and complications that this disease presents promotes immobility and altered nutritional status, therefore a low PA and low MS could have a higher prognostic risk for mortality than the scales. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the prognostic risk for mortality of PA, MS, APACHE, SOFA, and CURB-65 in adults hospitalized with SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methodology<\/jats:title><jats:p>This was a longitudinal study that included <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 104 SARS-CoV-2-positive adults hospitalized at General Hospital Penjamo, Guanajuato, Mexico, the PA was assessed using bioelectrical impedance and MS was measured with manual dynamometry. The following disease severity scales were applied as well: CURB-65, APACHE, and SOFA. Other variables analyzed were: sex, age, CO-RADS index, fat mass index, body mass index (BMI), and appendicular muscle mass index. A descriptive analysis of the study variables and a comparison between the group that did not survive and survived were performed, as well as a Cox regression to assess the predictive risk to mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean age was 62.79 \u00b1 15.02 years (31\u201396). Comparative results showed a mean PA of 5.43 \u00b1 1.53 in the group that survived vs. 4.81 \u00b1 1.72 in the group that died, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.030. The mean MS was 16.61 \u00b1 10.39 kg vs. 9.33 \u00b1 9.82 in the group that died, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001. The cut-off points for low PA was determined at 3.66\u00b0 and \u2264 5.0 kg\/force for low grip strength. In the Cox multiple regression, a low PA [heart rate (HR) = 2.571 0.726, 95% CI = 1.217\u20135.430] and a low MS (HR = 4.519, 95% CI = 1.992\u201310.252) were associated with mortality.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Phase angle and MS were higher risk predictors of mortality than APACHE, SOFA, and CURB-65 in patients hospitalized for COVID-19. It is important to include the assessment of these indicators in patients positive for SARS-CoV-2 and to be able to implement interventions to improve them.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.965356","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]],"date-time":"2022-12-22T12:46:41Z","timestamp":1671713201000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":12,"title":["Low muscle strength and low phase angle predicts greater risk to mortality than severity scales (APACHE, SOFA, and CURB-65) in adults hospitalized for SARS-CoV-2 pneumonia"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Oscar","family":"Rosas-Carrasco","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gisela","family":"N\u00fa\u00f1ez-Fritsche","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Miriam Teresa","family":"L\u00f3pez-Teros","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pamela","family":"Acosta-M\u00e9ndez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Juan Carlos","family":"Cruz-O\u00f1ate","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ada Yuseli","family":"Navarrete-Cendejas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gerardo","family":"Delgado-Moreno","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,12,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","year":"2022","journal-title":"Informaci\u00f3n Internacional y Nacional Sobre Nuevo Coronavirus (COVID-2019)"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"dgaa346","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgaa346","article-title":"Predicting mortality due to SARS-CoV-2: a mechanistic score relating obesity and diabetes to COVID-19 outcomes in Mexico.","volume":"105","author":"Bello-Chavolla","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"863","DOI":"10.1002\/jcsm.12589","article-title":"COVID-19: a major cause of cachexia and sarcopenia?","volume":"11","author":"Morley","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5129314","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/5129314","article-title":"Mortality predictive value of APACHE II and SOFA scores in COVID-19 patients in the intensive care unit.","volume":"2022","author":"Beigmohammadi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can Respir J."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e96","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jinf.2020.05.049","article-title":"Applicability of the CURB-65 pneumonia severity score for outpatient treatment of COVID-19.","volume":"81","author":"Nguyen","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Infect."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"878","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2009.133280","article-title":"Severity assessment tools for predicting mortality in hospitalised patients with community-acquired pneumonia. 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