{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,20]],"date-time":"2026-06-20T18:09:21Z","timestamp":1781978961659,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":84,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1664150400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Carotenoids are abundant in colored fruits and vegetables. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is a global burden and risk factor for end-stage hepatic diseases. This study aims to compare the anti-NAFLD efficacy between carotenoid-rich and carotenoid-deficient vegetables.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Male C57BL\/6J mice were randomized to one of four experimental diets for 15 weeks (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 12 animals\/group): Low-fat diet (LFD, 10% calories from fat), high-fat diet (HFD, 60% calories from fat), HFD with 20% white carrot powders (HFD + WC), or with 20% orange carrot powders (HFD + OC).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed that carotenoids in the orange carrots reduced HFD-induced weight gain, better than white carrots. Histological and triglyceride (TG) analyses revealed significantly decreased HFD-induced hepatic lipid deposition and TG content in the HFD + WC group, which was further reduced in the HFD + OC group. Western blot analysis demonstrated inconsistent changes of fatty acid synthesis-related proteins but significantly improved ACOX-1 and CPT-II, indicating that orange carrot carotenoids had the potential to inhibit NAFLD by improving \u03b2-oxidation. Further investigation showed significantly higher mRNA and protein levels of PPAR\u03b1 and its transcription factor activity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Carotenoid-rich foods may display more potent efficacy in mitigating NAFLD than those with low carotenoid levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.987103","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T08:57:56Z","timestamp":1664182676000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Carotenoids in orange carrots mitigate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease progression"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"9","author":[{"given":"Emilio","family":"Balbuena","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Junrui","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Abdulkerim","family":"Eroglu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2008-0009","article-title":"Causes and metabolic consequences of fatty liver.","volume":"29","author":"Stefan","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrine Reviews."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8263","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i47.8263","article-title":"Clinical epidemiology and disease burden of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.","volume":"23","author":"Perumpail","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"288","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-019-0176-8","article-title":"Obesity: global epidemiology and pathogenesis.","volume":"15","author":"Bl\u00fcher","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gcb.2010.06.004","article-title":"Progression from isolated steatosis to steatohepatitis and fibrosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.","volume":"35","author":"Pais","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Res Hepatol Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"113","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2005.04.014","article-title":"The natural history of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a population-based cohort study.","volume":"129","author":"Adams","year":"2005","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"865","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.21327","article-title":"Long-term follow-up of patients with NAFLD and elevated liver enzymes.","volume":"44","author":"Ekstedt","year":"2006","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X16638830","article-title":"Lifestyle changes for the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a review of observational studies and intervention trials.","volume":"9","author":"Zelber-Sagi","year":"2016","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"850","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmaa143","article-title":"The Promising Effects of Astaxanthin on Lung Diseases.","volume":"12","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Nutr."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1719","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.R039537","article-title":"Carotenoid metabolism in mammals, including man: formation, occurrence, and function of apocarotenoids.","volume":"54","author":"Eroglu","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Lipid Res."},{"key":"B10","first-page":"427","article-title":"Carotenoids.","author":"Wang","year":"2014","journal-title":"Modern Nutrition in Health and Disease."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1016\/S0098-2997(03)00030-X","article-title":"Antioxidant activity of carotenoids.","volume":"24","author":"Stahl","year":"2003","journal-title":"Mol Aspects Med."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5772\/intechopen.95468","article-title":"The role of lycopene in chronic lung diseases.","author":"Balbuena","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2021.723480","article-title":"The role of \u03b2-carotene in colonic inflammation and intestinal barrier integrity.","volume":"8","author":"Cheng","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Nutr."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201700738","article-title":"Tomato powder inhibits hepatic steatosis and inflammation potentially through restoring SIRT1 activity and adiponectin function independent of carotenoid cleavage enzymes in mice.","volume":"62","author":"Li","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2020\/7676818","article-title":"novel botanical combination attenuates light-induced retinal damage through antioxidant and prosurvival mechanisms.","volume":"2020","author":"Kan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu12082342","article-title":"Dietary intake of carotenoid-rich vegetables reduces visceral adiposity in obese japanese men-a randomized, double-blind trial.","volume":"12","author":"Takagi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2018.10.016","article-title":"No association between fruits or vegetables and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in middle-aged men and women.","volume":"61","author":"Tajima","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrition."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114520000914","article-title":"Food groups and the likelihood of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"124","author":"He","year":"2020","journal-title":"Br J Nutr."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"69","DOI":"10.1016\/S0300-483X(99)00060-8","article-title":"Dietary \u03b2-carotene protects lung and liver parenchyma of rats treated with monocrotaline.","volume":"137","author":"Baybutt","year":"1999","journal-title":"Toxicology."},{"key":"B20","first-page":"275","article-title":"Effects of rosuvastatin and\/or \u03b2-carotene on non-alcoholic fatty liver in rats.","volume":"10","author":"Seif El-Din","year":"2015","journal-title":"Res Pharm Sci."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"811","DOI":"10.1007\/s13105-013-0257-4","article-title":"Diet supplementation with beta-carotene improves the serum lipid profile in rats fed a cholesterol-enriched diet.","volume":"69","author":"Silva","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Physiol Biochem."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.k2392","article-title":"History of modern nutrition science\u2014implications for current research, dietary guidelines, and food policy.","volume":"361","author":"Mozaffarian","year":"2018","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1767","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114509991322","article-title":"Protective effect of apricot (Prunus armeniaca L.) on hepatic steatosis and damage induced by carbon tetrachloride in Wistar rats.","volume":"102","author":"Ozturk","year":"2009","journal-title":"Br J Nutr."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-8-88","article-title":"Transcriptome analysis of anti-fatty liver action by Campari tomato using a zebrafish diet-induced obesity model.","volume":"8","author":"Tainaka","year":"2011","journal-title":"Nutr Metab."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12412","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.8b03574","article-title":"Structurally different flavonoid subclasses attenuate high-fat and high-fructose diet induced metabolic syndrome in rats.","volume":"66","author":"Zhang","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.4103\/2231-4040.90879","article-title":"The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor: a family of nuclear receptors role in various diseases.","volume":"2","author":"Tyagi","year":"2011","journal-title":"J Adv Pharm Technol Res."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2016.11.009","article-title":"PPARs and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.","volume":"136","author":"Liss","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochimie."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1016\/S0248-4900(05)80176-5","article-title":"Positive regulation of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation pathway by fatty acids through activation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR).","volume":"77","author":"Dreyer","year":"1993","journal-title":"Biol Cell."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3","DOI":"10.1515\/CCLM.2000.002","article-title":"Regulation of lipid and lipoprotein metabolism by PPAR activators.","volume":"38","author":"Gervois","year":"2000","journal-title":"Clin Chem Lab Med."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"720","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2014.10.039","article-title":"Molecular mechanism of PPAR\u03b1 action and its impact on lipid metabolism, inflammation and fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.","volume":"62","author":"Pawlak","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"54","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2010.05.019","article-title":"Peroxisome proliferator activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and PPAR gamma coactivator (PGC-1alpha) induce carnitine palmitoyltransferase IA (CPT-1A) via independent gene elements.","volume":"325","author":"Song","year":"2010","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"789","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molcel.2017.05.032","article-title":"AMPK: mechanisms of cellular energy sensing and restoration of metabolic balance.","volume":"66","author":"Garcia","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mol Cell."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"192","DOI":"10.1016\/j.celrep.2018.12.036","article-title":"Genetic liver-specific AMPK activation protects against diet-induced obesity and NAFLD.","volume":"26","author":"Garcia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Rep."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1159\/000488422","article-title":"Retinoic acid increases fatty acid oxidation and irisin expression in skeletal muscle cells and impacts irisin In Vivo.","volume":"46","author":"Amengual","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cell Physiol Biochem."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jff.2020.103857","article-title":"Lycopene prevents lipid accumulation in hepatocytes by stimulating PPAR\u03b1 and improving mitochondrial function.","volume":"67","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Funct Foods."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"268","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.114.200238","article-title":"Lycopene and apo-10\u2019-lycopenoic acid have differential mechanisms of protection against hepatic steatosis in \u03b2-carotene-9\u2019,10\u2019-oxygenase knockout male mice.","volume":"145","author":"Ip","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1017\/S0029665118002641","article-title":"\u03b2-Carotene in the human body: metabolic bioactivation pathways \u2013 from digestion to tissue distribution and excretion.","volume":"78","author":"Bohn","year":"2019","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040842","article-title":"\u03b2-carotene in obesity research: technical considerations and current status of the field.","volume":"11","author":"Coronel","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"2271","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/129.12.2271","article-title":"Review of animal models in carotenoid research.","volume":"129","author":"Lee","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1142\/S1793545818500190","article-title":"In vivo percutaneous reflectance spectroscopy of fatty liver development in rats suggests that the elevation of the scattering power is an early indicator of hepatic steatosis.","volume":"11","author":"Piao","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Innov Optical Health Sci."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9070643","article-title":"Lycopene protects against smoking-induced lung cancer by inducing base excision repair.","volume":"9","author":"Cheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1039","DOI":"10.1021\/acssynbio.0c00562","article-title":"In situ biomanufacturing of small molecules in the mammalian gut by probiotic Saccharomyces boulardii.","volume":"10","author":"Durmusoglu","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Synth Biol."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1541-4337.2009.00103.x","article-title":"Carrots of many colors provide basic nutrition and bioavailable phytochemicals acting as a functional food.","volume":"9","author":"Arscott","year":"2010","journal-title":"Comp Rev Food Sci Food Saf."},{"key":"B44","first-page":"1","article-title":"Carotenoid composition, concentrations, and relationships in various human organs.","volume":"8","author":"Kaplan","year":"1990","journal-title":"Clin Physiol Biochem."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1613","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/121.10.1613","article-title":"Concentrations of selected carotenoids and vitamin A in human liver, kidney and lung tissue.","volume":"121","author":"Schmitz","year":"1991","journal-title":"J Nutr."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"747","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbalip.2011.09.017","article-title":"Fatty acid synthase and liver triglyceride metabolism: housekeeper or messenger?","volume":"1821","author":"Jensen-Urstad","year":"2012","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E28","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpendo.90897.2008","article-title":"Biochemical and physiological function of stearoyl-CoA desaturase.","volume":"297","author":"Paton","year":"2009","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28593","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M004756200","article-title":"Overproduction of acetyl-CoA carboxylase activity increases the rate of fatty acid biosynthesis in Escherichia coli.","volume":"275","author":"Davis","year":"2000","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40273","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M607986200","article-title":"Membrane topology and identification of key functional amino acid residues of murine acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase-2.","volume":"281","author":"Stone","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"839","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biochi.2004.09.018","article-title":"SREBP transcription factors: master regulators of lipid homeostasis.","volume":"86","author":"Eberl\u00e9","year":"2004","journal-title":"Biochimie."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35347","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.273.52.35347","article-title":"Functional domains of the alpha1 catalytic subunit of the AMP-activated protein kinase.","volume":"273","author":"Crute","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27879","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.271.44.27879","article-title":"Characterization of the AMP-activated protein kinase kinase from rat liver and identification of threonine 172 as the major site at which it phosphorylates AMP-activated protein kinase.","volume":"271","author":"Hawley","year":"1996","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3059","DOI":"10.1042\/BCJ20170458","article-title":"Phosphorylation of AMPK by upstream kinases is required for activity in mammalian cells.","volume":"474","author":"Willows","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochem J."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12017","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0705070104","article-title":"AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) action in skeletal muscle via direct phosphorylation of PGC-1\u03b1.","volume":"104","author":"J\u00e4ger","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A."},{"key":"B55","year":"2000","journal-title":"Institute of Medicine (US) Panel on Dietary Antioxidants and Related Compounds. \u03b2-Carotene and Other Carotenoids. Dietary Reference Intakes for Vitamin C, Vitamin E, Selenium, and Carotenoids."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(92)90153-N","article-title":"Cis-trans isomers of lycopene and beta-carotene in human serum and tissues.","volume":"294","author":"Stahl","year":"1992","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.116.150821","article-title":"Relative contribution of \u03b1-carotene to postprandial vitamin A concentrations in healthy humans after carrot consumption.","volume":"106","author":"Cooperstone","year":"2017","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"642","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/68.3.642","article-title":"Effect of supplemental beta-carotene on plasma concentrations of carotenoids, retinol, and alpha-tocopherol in humans.","volume":"68","author":"Mayne","year":"1998","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1896","DOI":"10.1194\/jlr.M400504-JLR200","article-title":"Plasma appearance of labeled beta-carotene, lutein, and retinol in humans after consumption of isotopically labeled kale.","volume":"46","author":"Novotny","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Lipid Res."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"15886","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M111.325142","article-title":"Naturally occurring eccentric cleavage products of provitamin A \u03b2-carotene function as antagonists of retinoic acid receptors.","volume":"287","author":"Eroglu","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0099435","article-title":"Effects of diet and strain on mouse serum and tissue retinoid concentrations.","volume":"9","author":"Obrochta","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1016\/j.abb.2010.07.025","article-title":"The eccentric cleavage product of \u03b2-carotene, \u03b2-apo-13-carotenone, functions as an antagonist of RXR\u03b1.","volume":"504","author":"Eroglu","year":"2010","journal-title":"Arch Biochem Biophys."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"444","DOI":"10.1038\/330444a0","article-title":"A human retinoic acid receptor which belongs to the family of nuclear receptors.","volume":"330","author":"Petkovich","year":"1987","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"446","DOI":"10.1038\/355446a0","article-title":"Retinoid X receptor interacts with nuclear receptors in retinoic acid, thyroid hormone and vitamin D3 signalling.","volume":"355","author":"Kliewer","year":"1992","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-018-0790-9","article-title":"Long-chain fatty acid activates hepatocytes through CD36 mediated oxidative stress.","volume":"17","author":"Liu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2134","DOI":"10.1016\/S0022-2275(20)32437-8","article-title":"Hepatic overexpression of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein (MTP) results in increased in vivo secretion of VLDL triglycerides and apolipoprotein B.","volume":"40","author":"Tietge","year":"1999","journal-title":"J Lipid Res."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/S1388-1981(00)00049-4","article-title":"Progress towards understanding the role of microsomal triglyceride transfer protein in apolipoprotein-B lipoprotein assembly.","volume":"1486","author":"Gordon","year":"2000","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9111041","article-title":"Consumption of spinach and tomato modifies lipid metabolism, reducing hepatic steatosis in rats.","volume":"9","author":"Elvira-Torales","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants."},{"key":"B69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3351","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.77.6.3351","article-title":"Regulation of acetyl-coA carboxylase: properties of coA activation of acetyl-coA carboxylase.","volume":"77","author":"Yeh","year":"1980","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A."},{"key":"B70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3800","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M116.763532","article-title":"Specific Inhibition of Acyl-CoA Oxidase-1 by an acetylenic acid improves hepatic lipid and Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) metabolism in rats fed a high fat diet.","volume":"292","author":"Zeng","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B71","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.93626","article-title":"Peroxisomal \u03b2-oxidation regulates whole body metabolism, inflammatory vigor, and pathogenesis of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.","volume":"3","author":"Moreno-Fernandez","year":"2018","journal-title":"JCI Insight."},{"key":"B72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"256","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v23.i2.256","article-title":"Mitochondrial carnitine palmitoyl transferase-II inactivity aggravates lipid accumulation in rat hepatocarcinogenesis.","volume":"23","author":"Gu","year":"2017","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"121","DOI":"10.1038\/nrm.2017.95","article-title":"AMPK: guardian of metabolism and mitochondrial homeostasis.","volume":"19","author":"Herzig","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol."},{"key":"B74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2011.03.009","article-title":"AMPK phosphorylates and inhibits SREBP activity to attenuate hepatic steatosis and atherosclerosis in diet-induced insulin-resistant mice.","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2011","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"354","DOI":"10.1210\/endo.137.1.8536636","article-title":"Differential expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs): tissue distribution of PPAR-alpha, -beta, and -gamma in the adult rat.","volume":"137","author":"Braissant","year":"1996","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"B76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"164","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2015.02.019","article-title":"PPAR\u03b1 gene expression correlates with severity and histological treatment response in patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis.","volume":"63","author":"Francque","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1053\/jhep.2003.50307","article-title":"Central role of PPARalpha-dependent hepatic lipid turnover in dietary steatohepatitis in mice.","volume":"38","author":"Ip","year":"2003","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1868","DOI":"10.1128\/MCB.20.5.1868-1876.2000","article-title":"The coactivator PGC-1 cooperates with peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha in transcriptional control of nuclear genes encoding mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation enzymes.","volume":"20","author":"Vega","year":"2000","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biol."},{"key":"B79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5283","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.1721711115","article-title":"Lipidomic profiling reveals soluble epoxide hydrolase as a therapeutic target of obesity-induced colonic inflammation.","volume":"115","author":"Wang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U.S.A."},{"key":"B80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/758614","article-title":"Pharmacological inhibition of soluble epoxide hydrolase ameliorates diet-induced metabolic syndrome in rats.","volume":"2012","author":"Iyer","year":"2012","journal-title":"Exp Diabetes Res."},{"key":"B81","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1002\/prca.200900119","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease proteomics.","volume":"4","author":"Rodr\u00edguez-Su\u00e1rez","year":"2010","journal-title":"Proteomics Clin Appl."},{"key":"B82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2783","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbadis.2017.08.004","article-title":"Ablation of systemic SIRT1 activity promotes nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by affecting liver-mesenteric adipose tissue fatty acid mobilization.","volume":"1863","author":"Cheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biochim Biophys Acta."},{"key":"B83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2138","DOI":"10.1210\/en.2007-1200","article-title":"Selective loss of leptin receptors in the ventromedial hypothalamic nucleus results in increased adiposity and a metabolic syndrome.","volume":"149","author":"Bingham","year":"2008","journal-title":"Endocrinology."},{"key":"B84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2454","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajpath.2011.07.014","article-title":"Melanocortin 4 receptor-deficient mice as a novel mouse model of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.","volume":"179","author":"Itoh","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Pathol."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.987103\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]],"date-time":"2022-09-26T08:58:10Z","timestamp":1664182690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.987103\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"references-count":84,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2022.987103"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2022.987103","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2022,9,26]]},"article-number":"987103"}}