{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,30]],"date-time":"2025-07-30T16:11:51Z","timestamp":1753891911617,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":47,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1683244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obesity is a prevalent health problem in patients with schizophrenia, and calorie restriction diet (CRD) achieved effective weight loss and metabolic improvement; however, these have not been rigorously evaluated in obese patients with schizophrenia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To measure the effects of CRD on weight loss and metabolic status in hospitalized obese women with schizophrenia during a 4-week period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants were randomly assigned to two groups in a 1:1 ratio. The intervention group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200947) was asked to follow a CRD and the control group (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200948) a normal diet for 4\u2009weeks. Outcomes of body weight, body composition, as well as metabolic parameters were measured at baseline and following the intervention period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty-five participants completed the 4-week research in both the intervention and control groups. Compared to the normal diet, adherence to the CRD significantly decreased body weight (2.38\u2009\u00b1\u20091.30\u2009kg), body mass index (0.94\u2009\u00b1\u20090.52\u2009kg\/m<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>), waist circumference (4.34\u2009\u00b1\u20092.75\u2009cm), hip circumference (3.37\u2009\u00b1\u20092.36\u2009cm), mid-upper circumferences, triceps skin-fold thickness, fat mass and free fat mass with large effect sizes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u2009&amp;lt;0.001, <jats:italic>\u03b7p<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> range between 0.145 and 0.571), as well as total cholesterol (0.69\u2009\u00b1\u20090.70\u2009mmol\/L) with a medium effect size (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.028, <jats:italic>\u03b7p<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup> =\u20090.054). There were no differences between the CRD and control groups in terms of pre-post changes in triglycerides, high- and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterols, as well as systolic and diastolic blood pressures (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;gt;\u20090.05).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>CRD is preventative of weight gain, but not apparent in intervention for metabolic status in hospitalized obese women with schizophrenia.<\/jats:p><jats:p><jats:bold>Clinical trial registration<\/jats:bold>: <jats:ext-link>http:\/\/www.chictr.org.cn<\/jats:ext-link>, ChiCTR-INR-16009185.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1038070","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,5]],"date-time":"2023-05-05T04:39:56Z","timestamp":1683261596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Calorie-restricted diet mitigates weight gain and metabolic abnormalities in obese women with schizophrenia: a randomized controlled 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