{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,10]],"date-time":"2026-10-10T17:42:56Z","timestamp":1791654176387,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":67,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100010414","name":"Health Research Board","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["HRC\/2007\/13"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["HRC\/2007\/13"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100010414","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001631","name":"University College Dublin","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["R20720"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["R20720"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001631","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Individual macronutrient and micronutrient effects on placental growth have been widely investigated. However, the influence of overall maternal diet is relatively unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study is to examine associations between a range of maternal dietary scores during early pregnancy with placental outcomes, and to investigate whether there is evidence of sexual dimorphism.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This analysis of the Lifeways Cross-Generational Cohort includes 276 mother\u2013child pairs. A validated 148-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire assessed maternal diet in early pregnancy. Dietary scores reflecting dietary quality [Healthy Eating Index (HEI-2015), Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH)], dietary inflammatory potential [Dietary Inflammatory Index (DII) and the energy adjusted DII (E-DII)], dietary antioxidant status [Dietary Antioxidant Quality (DAQ)], and glycemic and insulinemic loads\/indices (GL\/GI, IL\/II) were calculated. Linear regression analyses assessed maternal dietary score relationships with untrimmed placental weight (PW) and birth weight:placental weight (BW:PW) ratio.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In fully adjusted models, maternal E-DII and GI were positively associated, and HEI-2015 and DAQ were negatively associated with PW (B: 12.31, 95% CI: 0.41, 24.20, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04, B: 4.13, 95% CI: 0.10, 8.17, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04, B: \u22122.70, 95% CI: \u22125.03, \u22120.35, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02 and B: \u221215.03, 95% CI: \u221228.08, \u22121.98, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.02, for E-DII, GI, HEI-2015 and DAQ respectively). Maternal DAQ associations with BW:PW ratio were attenuated. When stratified by sex, maternal GI and pregnancy-specific DAQ were associated with PW in female offspring (B: 5.61, 95% CI: 0.27, 10.96, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.04 and B: \u221215.31, 95% CI: \u221230.35, \u22120.27, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.046). Maternal E-DII and HEI-2015 were associated with PW in males (B: 24.31, 95% CI: 5.66, 42.96, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.01 and B: \u22123.85, 95% CI: \u22127.47, \u22120.35, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.03 respectively).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of this novel investigation suggest that maternal diet may influence placental development. Female fetuses may be more sensitive to increased glucose levels whereas male fetuses may be more susceptible to <jats:italic>in-utero<\/jats:italic> stresses that are regulated by inflammatory pathways and overall diet quality. Hence, early pregnancy offers an opportune time for a mother to prioritize dietary changes that focus on reducing inflammatory and glycemic responses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1060709","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T06:49:04Z","timestamp":1675838944000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":6,"title":["Associations between maternal dietary scores during early pregnancy with placental outcomes"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Shevaun M.","family":"Teo","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Celine M.","family":"Murrin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"John","family":"Mehegan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexander","family":"Douglas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James R.","family":"H\u00e9bert","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ricardo","family":"Segurado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cecily C.","family":"Kelleher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine M.","family":"Phillips","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"325","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.110.084517","article-title":"Maternal undernutrition influences placental-fetal development","volume":"83","author":"Belkacemi","year":"2010","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"823","DOI":"10.2337\/db20-1111","article-title":"Pregnancies in diabetes and obesity: the capacity-load model of placental adaptation","volume":"70","author":"Desoye","year":"2021","journal-title":"Diabetes"},{"key":"ref3","first-page":"14","volume-title":"Mothers, Babies and Health in Later Life. ed. C. Livingstone Vol. 16","author":"Barker","year":"1998"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"609","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.20254","article-title":"Placental weight mediates the effects of prenatal factors on fetal growth: the extent differs by preterm status","volume":"21","author":"Ouyang","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e39324","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039324","article-title":"Fetal growth versus birthweight: the role of placenta versus other determinants","volume":"7","author":"Roland","year":"2012","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2016.00028","article-title":"Placental adaptation: what can we learn from birthweight:placental weight ratio?","volume":"7","author":"Hayward","year":"2016","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1916777","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2019.16777","article-title":"Association of periconception paternal body mass index with persistent changes in DNA methylation of offspring in childhood","volume":"2","author":"Noor","year":"2019","journal-title":"JAMA Netw Open"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1003491","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pmed.1003491","article-title":"Associations of maternal dietary inflammatory potential and quality with offspring birth outcomes: an individual participant data pooled analysis of 7 European cohorts in the ALPHABET consortium","volume":"18","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS Med"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.08.030","article-title":"The placenta is the center of the chronic disease universe","volume":"213","author":"Thornburg","year":"2015","journal-title":"Am J Obstet Gynecol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"291846","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/291846","article-title":"Population-based placental weight ratio distributions","volume":"2014","author":"Macdonald","year":"2014","journal-title":"Int J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"330","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.20995","article-title":"Boys live dangerously in the womb","volume":"22","author":"Eriksson","year":"2010","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1403","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.319.7222.1403","article-title":"Growth in utero and during childhood among women who develop coronary heart disease: longitudinal study","volume":"319","author":"Forsen","year":"1999","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"651","DOI":"10.1002\/ajhb.21193","article-title":"Sex differences in birth size and intergenerational effects of intrauterine exposure to Ramadan in Saudi Arabia","volume":"23","author":"Alwasel","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Hum Biol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"607","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2010.04.010","article-title":"Changes in placental size during Ramadan","volume":"31","author":"Alwasel","year":"2010","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2018.04.007","article-title":"Sex and gender differences in developmental programming of metabolism","volume":"15","author":"Dearden","year":"2018","journal-title":"Mol Metab"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"87","DOI":"10.1016\/j.placenta.2021.10.011","article-title":"Placental weight centiles adjusted for age, parity and fetal sex","volume":"117","author":"Flatley","year":"2022","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.1242\/jeb.110320","article-title":"Placental contribution to nutritional programming of health and diseases: epigenetics and sexual dimorphism","volume":"218","author":"Tarrade","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Exp Biol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy123","article-title":"Maternal dietary patterns and birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"10","author":"Chia","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082821","article-title":"The impact of lifestyle, diet and physical activity on epigenetic changes in the offspring\u2014a systematic review","volume":"13","author":"Rasmussen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13082798","article-title":"Effect of an antenatal lifestyle intervention on dietary inflammatory index and its associations with maternal and fetal outcomes: a secondary analysis of the PEARS trial","volume":"13","author":"Killeen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"118","DOI":"10.1017\/S002966511300373X","article-title":"Longitudinal follow-up of the relationship between dietary intake and growth and development in the lifeways cross-generation cohort study 2001\u20132013","volume":"73","author":"Kelleher","year":"2014","journal-title":"Proc Nutr Soc"},{"key":"ref22","first-page":"3","article-title":"The lifeways cross-generation study: design, recruitment and data management considerations","volume":"100","author":"O\u2019Mahony","year":"2007","journal-title":"Ir Med J"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161S","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/26.suppl_1.S161","article-title":"The Malm\u00f6 food study: validity of two dietary assessment methods for measuring nutrient intake","volume":"26","author":"Riboli","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137S","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/26.suppl_1.S137","article-title":"Validation of dietary assessment methods in the UK arm of EPIC using weighed records, and 24-hour urinary nitrogen and potassium and serum vitamin C and carotenoids as biomarkers","volume":"26","author":"Bingham","year":"1997","journal-title":"Int J Epidemiol"},{"key":"ref25","volume-title":"Validation of a Food Frequency Questionnaire as a Tool for Assessing Nutrient Intake","author":"Harrington","year":"1997"},{"key":"ref26","author":"Morgan","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref27","volume-title":"The National Health and Lifestyle Surveys: Survey of Lifestyle, Attitudes and Nutrition (SL\u00c1N 2002) and the Irish Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Survey (HBSC)","author":"Kelleher","year":"2003"},{"key":"ref28","volume-title":"The National Lifestyle Surveys: Survey of Lifestyle, Attitudes and Nutrition (SL\u00c1N) and the Irish Health Behaviour in School-Aged Children Survey (HBSC)","author":"Friel","year":"1999"},{"key":"ref29","volume-title":"Maternal Factors During Pregnancy Contributing to Early Life Risk of Childhood Obesity","author":"Murrin","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref30","volume-title":"McCance and Widdowson's the Composition of Foods","author":"McCance","year":"2014"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1566","DOI":"10.1001\/archinternmed.2012.3747","article-title":"Healthful dietary patterns and type 2 diabetes mellitus risk among women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus","volume":"172","author":"Tobias","year":"2012","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref32","year":""},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1591","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jand.2018.05.021","article-title":"Update of the healthy eating index: HEI-2015","volume":"118","author":"Krebs-Smith","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Acad Nutr Diet"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"928","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11040928","article-title":"Adherence to the healthy eating Index-2015 across generations is associated with birth outcomes and weight status at age 5 in the lifeways cross-generation cohort study","volume":"11","author":"Navarro","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11112706","article-title":"Deriving the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) score in women from seven pregnancy cohorts from the European ALPHABET consortium","volume":"11","author":"Aubert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"713","DOI":"10.1001\/archinte.168.7.713","article-title":"Adherence to a DASH-style diet and risk of coronary heart disease and stroke in women","volume":"168","author":"Fung","year":"2008","journal-title":"Arch Intern Med"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-020-00554-8","article-title":"Adherence to the dietary approaches to stop hypertension (DASH) diet in relation to all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies","volume":"19","author":"Soltani","year":"2020","journal-title":"Nutr J"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1689","DOI":"10.1017\/S1368980013002115","article-title":"Designing and developing a literature-derived, population-based dietary inflammatory index","volume":"17","author":"Shivappa","year":"2014","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e12588","DOI":"10.1111\/ijpo.12588","article-title":"Intergenerational associations of dietary inflammatory index with birth outcomes and weight status at age 5 and 9: results from the lifeways cross-generation cohort study","volume":"15","author":"Navarro","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatr Obes"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"33","DOI":"10.1186\/s12916-021-01908-7","article-title":"Maternal dietary quality, inflammatory potential and childhood adiposity: an individual participant data pooled analysis of seven European cohorts in the ALPHABET consortium","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Med"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"185","DOI":"10.1093\/advances\/nmy071","article-title":"Perspective: the dietary inflammatory index (DII)-lessons learned, improvements made, and future directions","volume":"10","author":"H\u00e9bert","year":"2019","journal-title":"Adv Nutr"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"275","DOI":"10.1079\/PHN2004693","article-title":"Does the diet of the Balearic population, a Mediterranean-type diet, ensure compliance with nutritional objectives for the Spanish population?","volume":"8","author":"Tur","year":"2005","journal-title":"Public Health Nutr"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1037","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxz025","article-title":"Maternal dietary glycemic and insulinemic indexes are not associated with birth outcomes or childhood adiposity at 5 years of age in an Irish cohort study","volume":"149","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"676","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.114.084905","article-title":"Maternal dietary glycemic index and glycemic load in early pregnancy are associated with offspring adiposity in childhood: the Southampton Women\u2019s survey","volume":"100","author":"Okubo","year":"2014","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"182","DOI":"10.3945\/ajcn.110.009555","article-title":"Dietary insulin index and insulin load in relation to biomarkers of glycemic control, plasma lipids, and inflammation markers","volume":"94","author":"Nimptsch","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156","DOI":"10.1111\/biom.12543","article-title":"Alternative measures of between-study heterogeneity in meta-analysis: reducing the impact of outlying studies","volume":"73","author":"Lin","year":"2017","journal-title":"Biometrics"},{"key":"ref47","volume-title":"Statistical Power Analysis for the Behavioral Sciences","author":"Cohen","year":"1988"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"408","DOI":"10.1214\/ss\/1177013627","article-title":"[influential observations, high leverage points, and outliers in linear regression]: comment","volume":"1","author":"Hoaglin","year":"1986","journal-title":"Stat Sci"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"775557","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.775557","article-title":"An investigation of the relationship between dietary patterns in early pregnancy and maternal\/infant health outcomes in a Chinese cohort","volume":"9","author":"de Seymour","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1399","DOI":"10.1017\/S000711451100691X","article-title":"The Mediterranean diet and fetal size parameters: the generation R study","volume":"108","author":"Timmermans","year":"2012","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1076","DOI":"10.1093\/cdn\/nzaa054_148","article-title":"Maternal obesity and diet quality modulate the villous placental metabolome","volume":"4","author":"Shankar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Dev Nutr"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e017503","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.017503","article-title":"Associations of DASH diet in pregnancy with blood pressure patterns, placental hemodynamics, and gestational hypertensive disorders","volume":"10","author":"Wiertsema Clarissa","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioy010","article-title":"Diet-induced obesity alters the maternal metabolome and early placenta transcriptome and decreases placenta vascularity in the mouse","volume":"98","author":"Stuart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"129","DOI":"10.1095\/biolreprod.113.116186","article-title":"Increasing maternal body mass index is associated with systemic inflammation in the mother and the activation of distinct placental inflammatory pathways","volume":"90","author":"Aye","year":"2014","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"59","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8030059","article-title":"Maternal supplementation with antioxidant vitamins in sheep results in increased transfer to the fetus and improvement of fetal antioxidant status and development","volume":"8","author":"Sales","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728","DOI":"10.3945\/jn.115.225581","article-title":"Dietary inflammatory potential during pregnancy is associated with lower fetal growth and breastfeeding failure: results from project viva","volume":"146","author":"Sen","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"65","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ogc.2019.11.001","article-title":"Diabetes mellitus, obesity, and the placenta","volume":"47","author":"Desoye","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obstet Gynecol Clin N Am"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"816","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxab403","article-title":"Maternal diet quality is associated with placental proteins in the placental insulin\/growth factor, environmental stress, inflammation, and mTOR signaling pathways: the healthy start ECHO cohort","volume":"152","author":"Francis","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"208","DOI":"10.1093\/biolre\/ioy167","article-title":"Sexual dimorphism of mitochondrial function in the hypoxic Guinea pig placenta","volume":"100","author":"Song","year":"2019","journal-title":"Biol Reprod"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"375","DOI":"10.1093\/toxsci\/kfx224","article-title":"Sexually dimorphic impact of chromium accumulation on human placental oxidative stress and apoptosis","volume":"161","author":"Banu","year":"2018","journal-title":"Toxicol Sci"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"595","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2016.112","article-title":"Gender specific differences in oxidative stress and inflammatory signaling in healthy term neonates and their mothers","volume":"80","author":"Diaz-Castro","year":"2016","journal-title":"Pediatr Res"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2541","DOI":"10.1016\/j.febslet.2005.03.090","article-title":"Why females live longer than males? Importance of the upregulation of longevity-associated genes by oestrogenic compounds","volume":"579","author":"Vi\u00f1a","year":"2005","journal-title":"FEBS Lett"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"159","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2014-3281","article-title":"Placental growth response to maternal insulin in early pregnancy","volume":"100","author":"O'Tierney-Ginn","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"611929","DOI":"10.3389\/fendo.2020.611929","article-title":"Nutrition and metabolic adaptations in physiological and complicated pregnancy: focus on obesity and gestational diabetes","volume":"11","author":"Parrettini","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Endocrinol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1159\/000371628","article-title":"Gestational diabetes mellitus and macrosomia: a literature review","volume":"66","author":"Kc","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ann Nutr Metab"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1053\/plac.2002.0888","article-title":"Contribution of the umbilical cord and membranes to untrimmed placental weight","volume":"24","author":"Leary","year":"2003","journal-title":"Placenta"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0245824","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0245824","article-title":"MultipleTesting.com: a tool for life science researchers for multiple hypothesis testing correction","volume":"16","author":"Menyhart","year":"2021","journal-title":"PLoS One"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1060709\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]],"date-time":"2023-02-08T06:49:17Z","timestamp":1675838957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1060709\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"references-count":67,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2023.1060709"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1060709","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,8]]},"article-number":"1060709"}}