{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,25]],"date-time":"2026-06-25T17:57:29Z","timestamp":1782410249918,"version":"3.54.5"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]],"date-time":"2023-04-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1680566400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["81971859"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["81971859"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82172118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003453","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["82172118"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["82172118"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003453","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency is common in critically ill patients with suspected infection and is strongly associated with the predisposition of sepsis and a poor prognosis. The effectiveness of vitamin D supplementation for preventing sepsis remains unclear. This retrospective cohort study investigated the effect of vitamin D supplementation on sepsis prophylaxis in critically ill patients with suspected infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This retrospective cohort study included 19,816 adult patients with suspected infection in intensive care units (ICU) from 2008 to 2019 at the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA. The included patients were divided into the vitamin D cohort or non-vitamin D cohort according to vitamin D administration status. The primary outcomes were the incidence of sepsis in ICU. The secondary outcomes included 28-day all-cause mortality, length of ICU and hospital stay and the requirements of vasopressors or mechanical ventilation. A propensity score matching cohort was used to test the differences in primary and secondary outcomes between groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results showed that vitamin D supplementation demonstrated a lower risk of sepsis (odd ratio 0.46; 95% CI 0.35\u20130.60; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) and a lower risk of new mechanical ventilation requirement (odd ratio 0.70; 95% CI 0.53-0.92; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.01), but no significant difference in the risk of 28-day mortality was observed (hazard ratio 1.02; 95% CI 0.77\u20131.35; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.89). In the sensitive analysis, among the patients who suspected infection within 24 h before or after ICU admission, a lower risk of sepsis and a lower percentage of new mechanical ventilation also were detected in the vitamin D cohort.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D supplementation may have a positively prophylactic effect on sepsis in critically ill patients with suspected infection.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1073894","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,5]],"date-time":"2023-04-05T08:01:32Z","timestamp":1680681692000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Potential benefits of vitamin D for sepsis prophylaxis in critical ill patients"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Jianbin","family":"Guan","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maoyou","family":"Shichen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhihui","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Min","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ronggui","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ping","family":"Chang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhanguo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,4,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"801","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.0287","article-title":"The third international consensus definitions for sepsis and septic shock (sepsis-3).","volume":"315","author":"Singer","year":"2016","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1181","DOI":"10.1007\/S00134-021-06506-Y","article-title":"Surviving sepsis campaign: international guidelines for management of sepsis and septic shock 2021.","volume":"47","author":"Evans","year":"2021","journal-title":"Intensive Care Med."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1889","DOI":"10.1097\/CCM.0000000000003342","article-title":"Epidemiology and costs of sepsis in the United States-an analysis based on timing of diagnosis and severity level.","volume":"46","author":"Paoli","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/J.ANNEMERGMED.2021.02.006","article-title":"Early care of adults with suspected sepsis in the emergency department and out-of-hospital environment: a consensus-based task force report.","volume":"78","author":"Yealy","year":"2021","journal-title":"Ann Emerg Med."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/S13054-018-2048-3","article-title":"Sepsis is a preventable public health problem.","volume":"22","author":"Kempker","year":"2018","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"414","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMP1707170","article-title":"Recognizing sepsis as a global health priority - 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