{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,13]],"date-time":"2026-01-13T22:31:33Z","timestamp":1768343493692,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1675382400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100012166","name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100012166","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100004826","name":"Natural Science Foundation of Beijing Municipality","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100004826","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title><jats:p>To investigate how serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) affects height growth velocity and the risk of low bone mineral density (BMD) in children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Design<\/jats:title><jats:p>A population-based prospective cohort study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Patients and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 10 450 participants with complete follow-up records from a cohort were included in the current study. Serum 25(OH)D concentrations were measured at baseline and 2-year follow-up, and the average of 2-time measurements was used for analysis. Low BMD was defined as calcaneus speed of sound Z-score \u2264 \u22121. The associations of vitamin D with height growth velocity and the risks of incident low BMD were evaluated using adjusted \u03b2 and risk ratio (<jats:italic>RR<\/jats:italic>).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>After multivariable adjustment, an inverse L-shaped association between serum 25(OH)D concentrations and height growth velocity was observed, leveling off up to 40\u201360 nmol\/L. Overall, each 10 nmol\/L higher serum 25(OH)D concentration was associated with a 0.15 cm\/year higher height growth velocity (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) and a 7% decreased risk of low BMD [<jats:italic>RR<\/jats:italic> (95%<jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>): 0.93 (0.87~0.98)]. Compared to those with vitamin D deficiency, participants who had sufficient vitamin D had a 22% lower risk for low BMD [<jats:italic>RR<\/jats:italic>(95%<jats:italic>CI<\/jats:italic>): 0.78 (0.62~0.98)]. However, no significant associations between vitamin D and the risk of low BMD were found in overweight and obese children.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>These findings highlight the importance of maintenance of sufficient 25(OH)D concentrations and healthy body weight during childhood in height growth and bone health promotion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1081896","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,2,3]],"date-time":"2023-02-03T05:08:36Z","timestamp":1675400916000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Relationships for vitamin D with childhood height growth velocity and low bone mineral density 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