{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,2]],"date-time":"2026-06-02T02:50:53Z","timestamp":1780368653935,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":41,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1678924800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>A reduced fruit and vegetable consumption, which implies a decreased intake of antioxidant compounds, seems to play a role in allergic diseases onset. Data on the antioxidant capacity of diet in children with food allergies, who are on an avoidance diet, are still lacking. This pilot study aims to assess the antioxidant potential of diet in Italian children with food allergies, compared to healthy children, using the oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC) method. 95 children (54 with confirmed food allergies and 41 controls), with a median age of 7.8\u2009years, were enrolled and underwent a nutritional assessment. Mean nutrient intakes were compared using the Mann\u2013Whitney test. ORAC resulted significantly lower in allergic children (median 2,908, IQR: 1450;4,716) compared to control children (median 4,392, IQR: 2523;5,836; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.049). Among micronutrients with antioxidant properties, vitamin A intakes were significantly higher in controls than in allergic children. Using Spearman\u2019s correlation, a moderate-to-strong correlation between ORAC and vitamin C, potassium and magnesium was observed (<jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.648, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001; <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.645, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001; <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.500, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001, respectively). Iron, phosphorus, vitamin E and vitamin A intakes were also moderately-to-low correlated with ORAC values (<jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.351, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001; <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.367, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001; <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.346, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&amp;lt;\u20090.001; and <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.295, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20090.004, respectively). We hypothesize that the reduced antioxidant potential of the diet might be related to a reduced variety of the diet in children with food allergies. Our study suggests that the diet of children with food allergies has a lower antioxidant potential (expressed as ORAC value) compared to the diet of healthy children, regardless of the allergenic food excluded from the diet. This issue should be further investigated in prospective, powered studies.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1096288","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T05:01:56Z","timestamp":1678942916000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Antioxidant potential of the diet in Italian children with food allergies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Erica","family":"Pendezza","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chiara","family":"Nava","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandro","family":"Leone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Francesca","family":"Riccaboni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alessandra","family":"Bosetti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gian Vincenzo","family":"Zuccotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Simona","family":"Bertoli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Enza","family":"D\u2019Auria","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2294","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14290","article-title":"Frequency of food allergy in school-aged children in eight European countries\u2014the EuroPrevall-iFAAM birth cohort","volume":"75","author":"Grabenhenrich","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"77","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12784","article-title":"The march from early life food sensitization to allergic disease: a systematic review and meta-analyses of birth cohort studies","volume":"71","author":"Alduraywish","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"591","DOI":"10.1034\/j.1398-9995.2000.00111.x","article-title":"What drives the allergic march?","volume":"55","author":"Wahn","year":"2000","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"722","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19020722","article-title":"An overview of environmental risk factors for food allergy","volume":"19","author":"Peters","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3852","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph16203852","article-title":"Diet and food allergy as risk factors for asthma in the Arabian gulf region: current evidence and future research needs","volume":"16","author":"Alsharairi","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Environ Res Public Health"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"133","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1749-6632.2010.05562.x","article-title":"The role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and treatment of asthma","volume":"1203","author":"Dozor","year":"2010","journal-title":"Ann N Y Acad Sci"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2237","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox11112237","article-title":"Overview of the mechanisms of oxidative stress: impact in inflammation of the airway diseases","volume":"11","author":"Albano","year":"2022","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1067\/mai.2002.126780","article-title":"Oxidative stress in allergic respiratory diseases","volume":"110","author":"Bowler","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2017.11.003","article-title":"Food allergy: a review and update on epidemiology, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, and management","volume":"141","author":"Sicherer","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1491","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2012.04053.x","article-title":"Antioxidant intake and allergic disease in children","volume":"42","author":"Rosenlund","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1747","DOI":"10.3390\/nu4111747","article-title":"Associations between maternal antioxidant intakes in pregnancy and infant allergic outcomes","volume":"4","author":"West","year":"2012","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"123","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602048","article-title":"Vitamin C in breast milk may reduce the risk of atopy in the infant","volume":"59","author":"Hoppu","year":"2005","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"79","DOI":"10.21101\/cejph.a3521","article-title":"Vitamin E intake in relation to allergic sensitization and IgE serum concentration","volume":"17","author":"Sausenthaler","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cent Eur J Public Health"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7180","DOI":"10.1021\/jf100519x","article-title":"Dietary carotenoids inhibit oral sensitization and the development of food allergy","volume":"58","author":"Sato","year":"2010","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3399","DOI":"10.3390\/nu5093399","article-title":"Diet and allergic diseases among population aged 0 to 18 years: myth or reality?","volume":"5","author":"Saadeh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1179\/135100004225004814","article-title":"Understanding the association between dietary antioxidants, redox status and disease: is the Total antioxidant capacity the right tool?","volume":"9","author":"Serafini","year":"2004","journal-title":"Redox Rep"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"283","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1399-3038.2010.01113.x","article-title":"Adherence to the Mediterranean type of diet is associated with lower prevalence of asthma symptoms, among 10-12 years old children: the PANACEA study","volume":"22","author":"Arvaniti","year":"2011","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"677","DOI":"10.1136\/thx.2006.069419","article-title":"Protective effect of fruits, vegetables and the Mediterranean diet on asthma and allergies among children in Crete","volume":"62","author":"Chatzi","year":"2007","journal-title":"Thorax"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1227","DOI":"10.3390\/nu9111227","article-title":"Diet and asthma: is it time to adapt our message?","volume":"9","author":"Guilleminault","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.3177\/jnsv.66.68","article-title":"Antioxidant capacities of plant-derived foods commonly consumed in Japan","volume":"66","author":"Takebayashi","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo)"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4290","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0502698","article-title":"Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements","volume":"53","author":"Prior","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4026","DOI":"10.1021\/jf049696w","article-title":"Lipophilic and hydrophilic antioxidant capacities of common foods in the United States","volume":"52","author":"Wu","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref23","volume-title":"USDA Database for the Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC) of Selected Foods","year":"2010"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"751","DOI":"10.1111\/cea.12911","article-title":"Dietary total antioxidant capacity in early school age and subsequent allergic disease","volume":"47","author":"Gref","year":"2017","journal-title":"Clin Exp Allergy"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2021.1975658","article-title":"Nutrient intake in school-aged children with food allergies: a case-control study","volume":"73","author":"D\u2019Auria","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"ref26","unstructured":"2014"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1220","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/65.4.1220S","article-title":"Adjustment for total energy intake in epidemiologic studies","volume":"65","author":"Willett","year":"1997","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"499","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14030499","article-title":"Dietary habits of a Group of Children with Crohn\u2019s disease compared to healthy subjects: assessment of risk of nutritional deficiencies through a Bromatological analysis","volume":"14","author":"Labriola","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1172","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox10081172","article-title":"Potential antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of serum from healthy adolescents with optimal Mediterranean diet adherence: findings from DIMENU cross-sectional study","volume":"10","author":"Augimeri","year":"2021","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"ref30","unstructured":"2022"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"363","DOI":"10.2223\/1220","article-title":"Nutrient intake and nutritional status of children following a diet free from cow\u2019s milk and cow\u2019s milk by-products","volume":"80","author":"Medeiros","year":"2004","journal-title":"J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"31","DOI":"10.1186\/2045-7022-4-31","article-title":"Dietary elimination of children with food protein induced gastrointestinal allergy\u2013micronutrient adequacy with and without a hypoallergenic formula?","volume":"4","author":"Meyer","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Transl Allergy"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6377","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.86.16.6377","article-title":"Ascorbate is an outstanding antioxidant in human blood plasma","volume":"86","author":"Frei","year":"1989","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8749","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.0702854104","article-title":"Ascorbate in pharmacologic concentrations selectively generates ascorbate radical and hydrogen peroxide in extracellular fluid in vivo","volume":"104","author":"Chen","year":"2007","journal-title":"Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e4358","DOI":"10.1002\/poc.4358","article-title":"Quantitative comparison of the actual antioxidant activity of vitamin C, vitamin E, and NADH","volume":"35","author":"Fu","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Phys Org Chem"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.7603\/s40681-016-0020-6","article-title":"Magnesium deficiency and oxidative stress: an update","volume":"6","author":"Zheltova","year":"2016","journal-title":"Biomedicine (Taipei)"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E907","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox9100907","article-title":"Magnesium, oxidative stress, inflammation, and cardiovascular disease","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Antioxidants (Basel)"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"231","DOI":"10.1177\/156482650302400210","article-title":"Is dietary diversity an indicator of food security or dietary quality? A review of measurement issues and research needs","volume":"24","author":"Ruel","year":"2003","journal-title":"Food Nutr Bull"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1111\/all.14051","article-title":"EAACI position paper on diet diversity in pregnancy, infancy and childhood: novel concepts and implications for studies in allergy and asthma","volume":"75","author":"Venter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"E359","DOI":"10.3390\/nu11020359","article-title":"Personalized nutrition approach in food allergy: is it prime time yet?","volume":"11","author":"D\u2019Auria","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1111\/pai.12960","article-title":"Nutritional disorders resulting from food allergy in children","volume":"29","author":"Meyer","year":"2018","journal-title":"Pediatr Allergy Immunol"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1096288\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]],"date-time":"2023-03-16T05:02:01Z","timestamp":1678942921000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1096288\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"references-count":41,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2023.1096288"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1096288","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,3,16]]},"article-number":"1096288"}}