{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,6]],"date-time":"2026-10-06T09:38:58Z","timestamp":1791279538974,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1689811200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background\/aims<\/jats:title><jats:p>Some studies showed that probiotics could improve the composition and structure of gut microbiota. Changes in the gut microbiota may alter bile acid (BAs) composition and kinetics, improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, it still needs to be clarified how probiotics improve both the metabolism of BAs and NAFLD. This study aimed to reveal the regulatory mechanisms of cholesterol-lowering (CL) probiotics on NAFLD from aspects involved in BA metabolism in FXR gene knockout (FXR<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup>) mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>FXR<jats:sup>\u2212\/\u2212<\/jats:sup> male mice were randomly divided into three groups based on different interventions for 16 weeks, including normal diet (ND), high-fat diet (HFD), and probiotic intervention in the HFD (HFD+P) group. 16s rDNA sequencing and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS\/MS) were utilized to analyze the changes in gut microbiota and fecal bile acids in mice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We found that the intervention of the CL probiotics improved liver lipid deposition and function in HFD-induced NAFLD mice by decreasing the levels of total cholesterol (TC; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002) and triglyceride (TG; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.001) in serum, as well as suppressing liver inflammation, such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1\u03b2; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.002) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-\u03b1; <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.0001). 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomic analyses showed that probiotics effectively reduced the abundance of harmful gut microbiota, such as Firmicutes (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.005), while concomitantly increasing the abundance of beneficial gut microbiota in NAFLD mice, such as Actinobacteriota (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.378), to improve NAFLD. Compared with the ND group, consuming an HFD elevated the levels of total BAs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0002), primary BAs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.017), and secondary BAs (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.0001) in mice feces, while the intervention with probiotics significantly reduced the increase in the levels of fecal total bile acids (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.013) and secondary bile acids (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> = 0.017) induced by HFD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The CL probiotics were found to improve liver function, restore microbiota balance, correct an abnormal change in the composition and content of fecal bile acids, and repair the damaged intestinal mucosal barrier in mice with NAFLD, ultimately ameliorating the condition. These results suggested that CL probiotics may be a promising and health-friendly treatment option for NAFLD.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1121203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T16:31:17Z","timestamp":1689870677000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":27,"title":["Effects of cholesterol-lowering probiotics on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in FXR gene knockout mice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Minghua","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoyang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ihtisham","family":"Bukhari","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ye","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huang","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yong","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiangdong","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yang","family":"Mi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lu","family":"Mei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pengyuan","family":"Zheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1851","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.052","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease 2020: the state of the disease","volume":"158","author":"Cotter","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/s2468-1253(19)30039-1","article-title":"Prevalence, incidence, and outcome of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Asia, 1999-2019: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"4","author":"Li","year":"2019","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2212","DOI":"10.1016\/s0140-6736(20)32511-3","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"397","author":"Powell","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"951","DOI":"10.1007\/s00535-021-01796-x","article-title":"Evidence-based clinical practice guidelines for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease\/nonalcoholic steatohepatitis 2020","volume":"56","author":"Tokushige","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"824","DOI":"10.3390\/biom12060824","article-title":"NAFLD: mechanisms, treatments, and biomarkers","volume":"12","author":"Nassir","year":"2022","journal-title":"Biomolecules."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109199","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2020.109199","article-title":"High fat diet-triggered non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a review of proposed mechanisms","volume":"330","author":"Lian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1175","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.2298","article-title":"Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis: a review","volume":"323","author":"Sheka","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2249","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15024","article-title":"Diet and exercise in NAFLD\/NASH: Beyond the obvious","volume":"41","author":"Semmler","year":"2021","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13531","article-title":"Current treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"292","author":"Paternostro","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Intern Med."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2754","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.9b00080","article-title":"Intestinal barrier function-non-alcoholic fatty liver disease interactions and possible role of gut microbiota","volume":"67","author":"Cui","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"754","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xphs.2015.11.018","article-title":"Reversible opening of intercellular junctions of intestinal epithelial and brain endothelial cells with tight junction modulator peptides","volume":"105","author":"Bocsik","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Pharm Sci."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"397","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-018-0011-z","article-title":"The gut-liver axis and the intersection with the microbiome","volume":"15","author":"Tripathi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1541","DOI":"10.1007\/s00018-019-03011-w","article-title":"The links between the gut microbiome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)","volume":"76","author":"Safari","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cell Mol Life Sci."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1700","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.09.017","article-title":"Gut-liver axis: pathophysiological concepts and clinical implications","volume":"34","author":"Tilg","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"48","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2015.10.008","article-title":"Obesity: an overview of possible role(s) of gut hormones, lipid sensing and gut microbiota","volume":"65","author":"Mishra","year":"2016","journal-title":"Metabolism."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G589","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00488.2011","article-title":"Saturated fat stimulates obesity and hepatic steatosis and affects gut microbiota composition by an enhanced overflow of dietary fat to the distal intestine","volume":"303","author":"de Wit","year":"2012","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1596","DOI":"10.1038\/s42255-021-00501-9","article-title":"Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the interplay between metabolism, microbes and immunity","volume":"3","author":"Tilg","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nat Metab."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5214","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms21155214","article-title":"Gut microbiota metabolites in NAFLD pathogenesis and therapeutic implications","volume":"21","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2264737","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/2264737","article-title":"Probiotics alleviated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in high-fat diet-fed rats via gut microbiota\/FXR\/FGF15 signaling pathway","volume":"2021","author":"Luo","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Immunol Res."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"997018","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2022.997018","article-title":"Gut dysbiosis in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: pathogenesis, diagnosis, and therapeutic implications","volume":"12","author":"Fang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.1038\/s41575-021-00566-7","article-title":"Role of bile acids and their receptors in gastrointestinal and hepatic pathophysiology","volume":"19","author":"Fuchs","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-nutr-082018-124344","article-title":"Bile acids as metabolic regulators and nutrient sensors","volume":"39","author":"Chiang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Annu Rev Nutr."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111618","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mce.2022.111618","article-title":"Discovery of farnesoid X receptor and its role in bile acid metabolism","volume":"548","author":"Chiang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Mol Cell Endocrinol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"544","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2020.00544","article-title":"Bile Acids and FXR: novel targets for liver diseases","volume":"7","author":"Stofan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Med."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1694","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.029","article-title":"PL-S2, a homogeneous polysaccharide from Radix Puerariae lobatae, attenuates hyperlipidemia via farnesoid X receptor (FXR) pathway-modulated bile acid metabolism","volume":"165","author":"Rao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Biol Macromol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.16948","article-title":"Circulating bile acid concentrations and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in Guatemala","volume":"56","author":"Rivera-Andrade","year":"2022","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"683","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00049.2019","article-title":"Molecular physiology of bile acid signaling in health, disease, and aging","volume":"101","author":"Perino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Physiol Rev."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms11020264","article-title":"Supplementation of Weizmannia coagulans BC2000 and ellagic acid inhibits high-fat-induced hypercholesterolemia by promoting liver primary bile acid biosynthesis and intestinal cholesterol excretion in mice","volume":"11","author":"Jin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microorganisms."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2022.02.004","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived bile acids in intestinal immunity, inflammation, and tumorigenesis","volume":"30","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"884","DOI":"10.1007\/s12602-022-09962-0","article-title":"Treating the onset of diabetes using probiotics along with prebiotic from pachyrhizus erosus in high-fat diet fed Drosophila melanogaster","volume":"14","author":"Bhanja","year":"2022","journal-title":"Probiot Antimicrob Proteins"},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102781","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cis.2022.102781","article-title":"Encapsulation of multiple probiotics, synbiotics, or nutrabiotics for improved health effects: a review","volume":"309","author":"Gu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Adv Colloid Interface Sci."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0138078","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0138078","article-title":"Co-administration of cholesterol-lowering probiotics and anthraquinone from cassia obtusifolia L. ameliorate non-alcoholic fatty liver","volume":"10","author":"Mei","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"869","DOI":"10.13381\/j.ckkj.cjm201808001","article-title":"The cholesterol-lowering probiotics improve NAFLD in mice by regulating cholesterol metabolism","author":"Shaofeng","year":"2018","journal-title":"Chinese J Microecol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"392","DOI":"10.3109\/07388551.2014.889077","article-title":"Probiotics and the BSH-related cholesterol lowering mechanism: a Jekyll and Hyde scenario","volume":"35","author":"Choi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Crit Rev Biotechnol."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6046","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23116046","article-title":"Molecular basis of bile acid-FXR-FGF15\/19 signaling axis","volume":"23","author":"Katafuchi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0151829","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0151829","article-title":"Bile acids and dysbiosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"11","author":"Mouzaki","year":"2016","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1671","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2021.06.012","article-title":"FXR activation protects against NAFLD via bile-acid-dependent reductions in lipid absorption","volume":"33","author":"Clifford","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5273","DOI":"10.1007\/s00253-020-10633-9","article-title":"Lactobacillus plantarum NA136 ameliorates nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by modulating gut microbiota, improving intestinal barrier integrity, and attenuating inflammation","volume":"104","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Appl Microbiol Biotechnol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.molmet.2019.08.020","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor 21 is required for the therapeutic effects of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG against fructose-induced fatty liver in mice","volume":"29","author":"Zhao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Mol Metab."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e000315","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjgast-2019-000315","article-title":"High potency multistrain probiotic improves liver histology in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): a randomised, double-blind, proof of concept study","volume":"6","author":"Duseja","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7701","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.1c00045","article-title":"Effect of Lactobacillus fermentum MCC2760-based probiotic curd on hypercholesterolemic C57BL6 mice","volume":"6","author":"Palani Kumar","year":"2021","journal-title":"ACS Omega."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3192","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13093192","article-title":"The effect of probiotics (MCP[(R)] BCMC[(R)] on hepatic steatosis, small intestinal mucosal immune function, and intestinal barrier in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"13","author":"Mohamad Nor","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"413","DOI":"10.1097\/MPG.0000000000001422","article-title":"Effects of probiotics on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in obese children and adolescents","volume":"64","author":"Famouri","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nutres.2019.03.008","article-title":"Lactobacillus plantarum LC27 and Bifidobacterium longum LC67 simultaneously alleviate high-fat diet-induced colitis, endotoxemia, liver steatosis, and obesity in mice","volume":"67","author":"Kim","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr Res."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1610","DOI":"10.2174\/0929867325666180316115726","article-title":"Dysfunctional HDL as a therapeutic target for atherosclerosis prevention","volume":"26","author":"Ossoli","year":"2019","journal-title":"Curr Med Chem."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"19","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms19071971","article-title":"Unravelling HDL-looking beyond the cholesterol surface to the quality within","author":"Kajani","year":"2018","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"95","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-physiol-021317-121550","article-title":"SR-B1: a unique multifunctional receptor for cholesterol influx and efflux","volume":"80","author":"Shen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Physiol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.3390\/biomedicines9060612","article-title":"SR-B1, a key receptor involved in the progression of cardiovascular disease: a perspective from mice and human genetic studies","volume":"9","author":"Gracia-Rubio","year":"2021","journal-title":"Biomedicines."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"147","DOI":"10.1152\/physrev.00010.2008","article-title":"Role of bile acids and bile acid receptors in metabolic regulation","volume":"89","author":"Lefebvre","year":"2009","journal-title":"Physiol Rev."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41930","DOI":"10.1074\/jbc.M306309200","article-title":"Enterohepatic circulation of bile salts in farnesoid X receptor-deficient mice: efficient intestinal bile salt absorption in the absence of ileal bile acid-binding protein","volume":"278","author":"Kok","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Biol Chem."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11689","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms231911689","article-title":"Current research on the pathogenesis of NAFLD\/NASH and the gut-liver axis: gut microbiota, dysbiosis, and leaky-gut syndrome","volume":"23","author":"Kobayashi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1072133","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.1072133","article-title":"Modulatory effect of camel milk on intestinal microbiota of mice with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"9","author":"Hao","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111732","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2022.111732","article-title":"Noni (Morinda citrifolia L","volume":"160","author":"Wang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Res Int."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154767","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2021.154767","article-title":"FOS\/GOS attenuates high-fat diet induced bone loss via reversing microbiota dysbiosis, high intestinal permeability and systemic inflammation in mice","volume":"119","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolism."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"463","DOI":"10.1177\/1756283X16645055","article-title":"Probiotics modify tight-junction proteins in an animal model of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"9","author":"Briskey","year":"2016","journal-title":"Therap Adv Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1080\/09637486.2020.1754351","article-title":"Effect of resveratrol on intestinal tight junction proteins and the gut microbiome in high-fat diet-fed insulin resistant mice","volume":"71","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Food Sci Nutr."},{"key":"B57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108238","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pharmthera.2022.108238","article-title":"Bile acid metabolism and signaling, the microbiota, and metabolic disease","volume":"237","author":"Cai","year":"2022","journal-title":"Pharmacol Ther."},{"key":"B58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114664","DOI":"10.1016\/j.taap.2019.114664","article-title":"Altered bile acid composition and disposition in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis","volume":"379","author":"Suga","year":"2019","journal-title":"Toxicol Appl Pharmacol."},{"key":"B59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7629","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.1c01813","article-title":"Flavonoids from whole-grain oat alleviated high-fat diet-induced hyperlipidemia via regulating bile acid metabolism and gut microbiota in mice","volume":"69","author":"Duan","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem."},{"key":"B60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1983","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27061983","article-title":"A recent ten-year perspective: bile acid metabolism and signaling","volume":"27","author":"Shulpekova","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules."},{"key":"B61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e634","DOI":"10.1002\/ctm2.634","article-title":"Lactobacillus lactis and Pediococcus pentosaceus-driven reprogramming of gut microbiome and metabolome ameliorates the progression of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"11","author":"Yu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Transl Med."},{"key":"B62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2573","DOI":"10.1111\/jcmm.14951","article-title":"Modulation of bile acid profile by gut microbiota in chronic hepatitis B","volume":"24","author":"Wang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cell Mol Med."},{"key":"B63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1111\/jgh.15800","article-title":"Impact of elobixibat on serum and fecal bile acid levels and constipation symptoms in patients with chronic constipation","volume":"37","author":"Nakajima","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8829","DOI":"10.1039\/d2fo01161a","article-title":"The different effects of psyllium husk and orlistat on weight control, the amelioration of hypercholesterolemia and non-alcohol fatty liver disease in obese mice induced by a high-fat diet","volume":"13","author":"Deng","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"949","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2013.01.003","article-title":"Modulation of the fecal bile acid profile by gut microbiota in cirrhosis","volume":"58","author":"Kakiyama","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2200595","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.202200595","article-title":"Intermittent fasting alleviates non-alcoholic steatohepatitis by regulating bile acid metabolism and promoting fecal bile acid excretion in high-fat and high-cholesterol diet fed mice","volume":"2023","author":"Lin","year":"2023","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res."},{"key":"B67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1034","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.25740","article-title":"Mechanism of tissue-specific farnesoid X receptor in suppressing the expression of genes in bile-acid synthesis in mice","volume":"56","author":"Kong","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4950","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14234950","article-title":"Recent advances in the digestive, metabolic and therapeutic effects of farnesoid x receptor and fibroblast growth factor 19: from cholesterol to bile acid signaling","volume":"14","author":"Di Ciaula","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1121203\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]],"date-time":"2023-07-20T16:31:21Z","timestamp":1689870681000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1121203\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"references-count":68,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2023.1121203"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1121203","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,7,20]]},"article-number":"1121203"}}