{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,14]],"date-time":"2026-10-14T22:14:23Z","timestamp":1792016063367,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1684713600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Obesity and iron deficiency are prevalent health problems that affect billions of people all over the world. Obesity is postulated to relate to iron deficiency via reduced intestinal iron absorption due to increased serum hepcidin level, which is mediated by chronic inflammation. Weight loss in individuals with overweight or obesity and iron deficiency anemia is believed to be associated with an improvement in iron status however the evidence from clinical trials is scarce. This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of diet-induced weight loss on iron status and its markers among young women with overweight\/obesity and iron deficiency anemia.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>The study design was a single-blinded, randomized controlled trial with two parallel arms (weight loss intervention vs control). Study participants were recruited using the convenience sampling method through public advertisements posted and disseminated through social media. Interested and potential participants were asked to visit the Diet Clinic for eligibility screening. A total of 62 women were recruited and randomized into weight loss intervention and control group. The intervention duration was three months. The intervention group received individual consultation sessions with the dietitian and tailored energy-restricted diets. Physical activity levels, dietary intake, anthropometric measurements and clinical markers were measured at baseline and end of the trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a significant decrease (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.001) in body weight of the intervention group (-7.4 \u00b1 2.7 kg) that was associated with significant improvements in iron status and its markers (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> &amp;lt; 0.01). The intervention group experienced a significant increase in hemoglobin (0.5 \u00b1 0.6 g\/dL), serum ferritin (5.6 \u00b1 5.8 ng\/mL), and serum iron (13.0 \u00b1 16.2 \u00b5g\/dL), and a significant decrease in high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (-5.2 \u00b1 5.6 mg\/L), and serum hepcidin level (-1.9 \u00b1 2.2 ng\/mL) at the end of the trial.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings indicate that diet-induced weight loss among participants was associated with an improvement in iron status and its related clinical markers.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Clinical Trial Registration<\/jats:title><jats:p>[<jats:ext-link>https:\/\/www.thaiclinicaltrials.org\/show\/TCTR20221009001<\/jats:ext-link>], identifier [TCTR20221009001].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1155947","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T04:55:05Z","timestamp":1684731305000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":20,"title":["Effect of diet-induced weight loss on iron status and its markers among young women with overweight\/obesity and iron deficiency anemia: a randomized controlled trial"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Naseem Mohammad","family":"Alshwaiyat","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aryati","family":"Ahmad","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hamid Ali Nagi","family":"Al-Jamal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"276","DOI":"10.1007\/s13679-018-0317-8","article-title":"Epidemiology of obesity in adults: latest trends","volume":"7","author":"Inoue","year":"2018","journal-title":"Curr. Obes. Rep."},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"907","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)60865-0","article-title":"Iron deficiency anaemia","volume":"387","author":"Lopez","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"690","DOI":"10.3390\/healthcare10040690","article-title":"Differences in overweight and obesity prevalence among young men from twelve middle eastern and Asian countries living in Saudi Arabia","volume":"10","author":"Alagal","year":"2022","journal-title":"Healthcare"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3333","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S359639","article-title":"Differences in overweight and obesity prevalence in middle-aged men from twelve middle eastern and Asian countries living in Saudi Arabia","volume":"15","author":"AlTamimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Gen Med"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"161","DOI":"10.21037\/atm.2017.03.107","article-title":"Morbidity and mortality associated with obesity","volume":"5","author":"Abdelaal","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Transl Med"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"225","DOI":"10.1016\/j.blre.2017.02.004","article-title":"New insights into iron deficiency and iron deficiency anemia","volume":"31","author":"Camaschella","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Rev."},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1268","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.10703","article-title":"Association between obesity and iron deficiency (review)","volume":"22","author":"Alshwaiyat","year":"2021","journal-title":"Exp Ther Med"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3587","DOI":"10.3390\/nu6093587","article-title":"Obesity as an emerging risk factor for iron deficiency","volume":"6","author":"Aigner","year":"2014","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"771","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.12057","article-title":"The role of adipocytes in the modulation of iron metabolism in obesity","volume":"14","author":"Coimbra","year":"2013","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"353","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-07-033969","article-title":"STAT3 mediates hepatic hepcidin expression and its inflammatory stimulation","volume":"109","author":"Verga Falzacappa","year":"2007","journal-title":"Blood"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154","DOI":"10.1002\/oby.22646","article-title":"Obesity risk among young Australian women: a prospective latent class analysis","volume":"28","author":"Hendryx","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"155","DOI":"10.1111\/tog.12368","article-title":"Iron deficiency and iron-deficiency anaemia in women\u2019s health","volume":"19","author":"Percy","year":"2017","journal-title":"Obstetric Gynaecol"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.2147\/IJWH.S33920","article-title":"Prevalence and correlates of dieting in college women: a cross sectional study","volume":"4","author":"Fayet","year":"2012","journal-title":"Int. J. Women\u2019s Health"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"40","DOI":"10.13189\/ujph.2018.060202","article-title":"A systematic review on long term effects of weight loss diet on body weight and lipid profile: findings from randomized controlled trials","volume":"6","author":"Manaf","year":"2018","journal-title":"Univ J Public Health"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"512","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1600598","article-title":"Cognitive function, iron status, and hemoglobin concentration in obese dieting women","volume":"52","author":"Kretsch","year":"1998","journal-title":"Eur. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref16","first-page":"206","article-title":"Nutritional adequacy of energy restricted diets for young obese women","volume":"20","author":"O\u2019Connor","year":"2011","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7","DOI":"10.1097\/01.MJX.0000464332.84361.87","article-title":"Serum hepcidin level and iron status in a sample of obese Egyptian children","volume":"14","author":"Abdel Hamed","year":"2015","journal-title":"Med Res J"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.12669\/pjms.316.7724","article-title":"Increased body mass index may lead to hyperferritinemia irrespective of body iron stores","volume":"31","author":"Alam","year":"2015","journal-title":"Pak J Med Sci"},{"key":"ref19","first-page":"102","article-title":"Is iron deficiency related with increased body weight? A cross-sectional study.","volume":"18","author":"Kaner","year":"2016","journal-title":"Prog Nutr"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1724","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2006.198","article-title":"Iron deficiency in obese postmenopausal women","volume":"14","author":"Lecube","year":"2006","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"145","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2007.10.034","article-title":"Obesity-related hypoferremia is not explained by differences in reported intake of heme and nonheme iron or intake of dietary factors that can affect iron absorption","volume":"108","author":"Menzie","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.114.1.104","article-title":"Overweight children and adolescents: a risk group for iron deficiency","volume":"114","author":"Nead","year":"2004","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1449","DOI":"10.1038\/oby.2009.319","article-title":"Elevated systemic hepcidin and iron depletion in obese premenopausal females","volume":"18","author":"Tussing-Humphreys","year":"2010","journal-title":"Obesity"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1412","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ijo.0803625","article-title":"Inflammation and iron deficiency in the hypoferremia of obesity","volume":"31","author":"Yanoff","year":"2007","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1098","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2008.43","article-title":"Adiposity in women and children from transition countries predicts decreased iron absorption, iron deficiency and a reduced response to iron fortification","volume":"32","author":"Zimmermann","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref26","first-page":"108","article-title":"Iron profile and inflammatory status of overweight and obese women in sari, north of Iran","volume":"11","author":"Shekarriz","year":"2017","journal-title":"Int J Hematol Oncol Stem Cell Res"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13080","DOI":"10.1111\/obr.13080","article-title":"Can diet-induced weight loss improve iron homoeostasis in patients with obesity: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Teng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Obes. Rev."},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2008.02.002","article-title":"Choose your foods: exchange lists for diabetes, sixth edition, 2008: description and guidelines for use","volume":"108","author":"Wheeler","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"840","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jada.2008.02.016","article-title":"Developing a meal-planning exchange list for traditional dishes in Jordan","volume":"108","author":"Bawadi","year":"2008","journal-title":"J. Am. Diet. Assoc."},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"20","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1747-0080.2008.01313.x","article-title":"Developing a food exchange list for middle eastern appetisers and desserts commonly consumed in Jordan","volume":"66","author":"Bawadi","year":"2009","journal-title":"Nutr. Diet."},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"66","DOI":"10.1007\/s10389-006-0024-x","article-title":"Development of the world health organization global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ)","volume":"14","author":"Armstrong","year":"2006","journal-title":"J. Public Health"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"790","DOI":"10.1123\/jpah.6.6.790","article-title":"Global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ): nine country reliability and validity study","volume":"6","author":"Bull","year":"2009","journal-title":"J. Phys. Act. Health"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1604328","DOI":"10.3389\/ijph.2021.1604328","article-title":"Physical activity levels of a multi-ethnic population of middle-aged men living in Saudi Arabia and factors associated with physical inactivity","volume":"66","author":"AlFaris","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Public Health"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"734968","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2021.734968","article-title":"Physical activity levels of a multi-ethnic population of young men living in Saudi Arabia and factors associated with physical inactivity","volume":"9","author":"AlTamimi","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front. Public Health"},{"key":"ref35","year":"2017"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"175","DOI":"10.3758\/BF03193146","article-title":"G*power 3: a flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences","volume":"39","author":"Faul","year":"2007","journal-title":"Behav. Res. Methods"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1772","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2010.204","article-title":"Effect of body mass index reduction on serum hepcidin levels and iron status in obese children","volume":"34","author":"Amato","year":"2010","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"781","DOI":"10.1038\/pr.2017.139","article-title":"Physical exercise intervention at school improved hepcidin, inflammation, and iron metabolism in overweight and obese children and adolescents","volume":"82","author":"Coimbra","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatr. Res."},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"574","DOI":"10.6133\/apjcn.2013.22.4.08","article-title":"Impact of diet and weight loss on iron and zinc status in overweight and obese young women","volume":"22","author":"Cheng","year":"2013","journal-title":"Asia Pac. J. Clin. Nutr."},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"50","DOI":"10.23751\/pn.v21i1-S.5503","article-title":"Effect of a weight loss intervention on iron parameters in overweight and obese Turkish women","volume":"21","author":"Kaner","year":"2019","journal-title":"Prog. Nutr."},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"24","DOI":"10.1038\/ijo.2012.145","article-title":"Overweight impairs efficacy of iron supplementation in iron-deficient south African children: a randomized controlled intervention","volume":"37","author":"Baumgartner","year":"2013","journal-title":"Int. J. Obes."},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3204","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2006-06-027631","article-title":"Interleukin-6 induces hepcidin expression through STAT3","volume":"108","author":"Wrighting","year":"2006","journal-title":"Blood"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1155947\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]],"date-time":"2023-05-22T04:55:11Z","timestamp":1684731311000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1155947\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"references-count":42,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2023.1155947"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1155947","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,5,22]]},"article-number":"1155947"}}