{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,15]],"date-time":"2026-07-15T15:52:42Z","timestamp":1784130762565,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]],"date-time":"2023-09-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1695254400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Since the association of vitamin D with atrial fibrillation (AF) risk is still unclear, we conducted this updated meta-analysis of prospective studies to identify the relationship between vitamin D or vitamin D supplementation and AF in the general population.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a comprehensive search of multiple databases up to May 2023 for studies reporting vitamin D and AF. The hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled by a random-effects model.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of seven studies were included in this meta-analysis. Vitamin D deficiency (&amp;lt;20 ng\/ml) was associated with increased AF incidence (HR: 1.12, 95% CI: 1.005\u20131.25). The HR was not significant with vitamin D insufficiency (20\u201330 ng\/ml; HR: 1.09, 95% CI: 0.98\u20131.21). Each 10 ng\/ml increase in serum vitamin D was associated with a significantly decreased AF incidence (HR: 0.95, 95% CI: 0.93\u20130.97). Two studies reported the effect of vitamin D supplements on AF incidence but reached inconsistent results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Vitamin D deficiency or insufficiency was associated with an increased risk of AF in the general population. The role of vitamin D supplementation in AF prevention needs further investigation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1246359","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T12:39:31Z","timestamp":1695472771000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":8,"title":["Vitamin D, vitamin D supplementation and atrial fibrillation risk in the general population: updated systematic review and meta-analysis of prospective studies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"10","author":[{"given":"Xiaoli","family":"Ding","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiying","family":"Lai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hehui","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zongwen","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1038\/s41572-022-00354-w","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation","volume":"8","author":"Bosch","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nat Rev Dis Primers."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1082","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hrthm.2013.03.017","article-title":"Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation\u2013an Asian stroke perspective","volume":"10","author":"Tse","year":"2013","journal-title":"Heart Rhythm."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ccep.2020.10.010","article-title":"Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: geographic\/ecological risk factors, age, sex, genetics","volume":"13","author":"Zhang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Card Electrophysiol Clin."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"i4482","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.i4482","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation and risks of cardiovascular disease, renal disease, and death: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"354","author":"Odutayo","year":"2016","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"187","DOI":"10.1093\/ehjqcco\/qcaa093","article-title":"Atrial fibrillation in the UK: predicting costs of an emerging epidemic recognizing and forecasting the cost drivers of atrial fibrillation-related costs","volume":"8","author":"Burdett","year":"2022","journal-title":"Eur Heart J Qual Care Clin Outcomes."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2080","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2011.659","article-title":"Risk of death and cardiovascular events in initially healthy women with new-onset atrial fibrillation","volume":"305","author":"Conen","year":"2011","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3603","DOI":"10.3390\/nu13103603","article-title":"Vitamin D and cardiovascular disease: current evidence and future perspectives","volume":"13","author":"Cosentino","year":"2021","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"73","DOI":"10.1186\/s12937-019-0485-8","article-title":"The relationship between vitamin D and risk of atrial fibrillation: a dose-response analysis of observational studies","volume":"18","author":"Liu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr J."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hjc.2017.11.006","article-title":"Vitamin D and new-onset atrial fibrillation: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"59","author":"Huang","year":"2018","journal-title":"Hellenic J Cardiol."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1925","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2017.17219","article-title":"Mendelian randomization","volume":"318","author":"Emdin","year":"2017","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1061","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2021.1489","article-title":"Effect of marine Omega-3 fatty acid and vitamin D supplementation on incident atrial fibrillation: a randomized clinical trial","volume":"325","author":"Albert","year":"2021","journal-title":"JAMA."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1301","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a116237","article-title":"Methods for trend estimation from summarized dose-response data, with applications to meta-analysis","volume":"135","author":"Greenland","year":"1992","journal-title":"Am J Epidemiol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"757188","DOI":"10.3389\/fcvm.2021.757188","article-title":"Reappraisal of non-vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"8","author":"Liu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Cardiovasc Med"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1225","DOI":"10.1161\/STROKEAHA.120.031007","article-title":"Comparative effectiveness and safety of non\u2013vitamin K antagonist oral anticoagulants in atrial fibrillation patients","volume":"52","author":"Zhu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Stroke."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-022-01546-0","article-title":"Relationship between the triglyceride-glucose index and risk of cardiovascular diseases and mortality in the general population: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"21","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"538","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2011.06.013","article-title":"Vitamin D status is not related to development of atrial fibrillation in the community","volume":"162","author":"Rienstra","year":"2011","journal-title":"Am Heart J."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"298","DOI":"10.1161\/CIRCULATIONAHA.113.005499","article-title":"Fibroblast growth factor-23 and incident atrial fibrillation: the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA) and the Cardiovascular Health Study (CHS)","volume":"130","author":"Mathew","year":"2014","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1143","DOI":"10.1093\/europace\/euv395","article-title":"Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D and the incidence of atrial fibrillation: the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) study","volume":"18","author":"Alonso","year":"2016","journal-title":"Europace."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.numecd.2019.05.064","article-title":"Parathormone, vitamin D and the risk of atrial fibrillation in older adults: a prospective study","volume":"29","author":"Trevisan","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0125161","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0125161","article-title":"Vitamin D and the risk of atrial fibrillation\u2013the Rotterdam Study","volume":"10","author":"Vitezova","year":"2015","journal-title":"PLoS ONE."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"56","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2022.02.040","article-title":"Effects of Vitamin D supplementation and 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels on the risk of atrial fibrillation","volume":"173","author":"Acharya","year":"2022","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.1016\/j.amjcard.2018.05.013","article-title":"Interactions among vitamin D, atrial fibrillation, and the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system","volume":"122","author":"Turin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Am J Cardiol."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"217","DOI":"10.21470\/1678-9741-2017-0214","article-title":"Effect of plasma level of vitamin D on postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting","volume":"33","author":"\u00d6zsin","year":"2018","journal-title":"Braz J Cardiovasc Surg."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"166","DOI":"10.1111\/anec.12105","article-title":"Relation of low vitamin D to nonvalvular persistent atrial fibrillation in Chinese patients","volume":"19","author":"Chen","year":"2014","journal-title":"Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pbiomolbio.2006.02.016","article-title":"Vitamin D physiology","volume":"92","author":"Lips","year":"2006","journal-title":"Prog Biophys Mol Biol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"450","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2011.09.007","article-title":"The relationship between vitamin D and the renin-angiotensin system in the pathophysiology of hypertension, kidney disease, and diabetes","volume":"61","author":"Vaidya","year":"2012","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"317","DOI":"10.1111\/jce.12309","article-title":"Electromechanical effects of 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D with antiatrial fibrillation activities","volume":"25","author":"Hanafy","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Electrophysiol."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"98","DOI":"10.1177\/1076029612453762","article-title":"The effects of vitamin D deficiency on atrial fibrillation","volume":"20","author":"Demir","year":"2014","journal-title":"Clin Appl Thromb Hemost."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"51","DOI":"10.17219\/acem\/34690","article-title":"Low-level vitamin D is associated with atrial fibrillation in patients with chronic heart failure","volume":"25","author":"Belen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Adv Clin Exp Med."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"307","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jash.2015.01.009","article-title":"Relation of vitamin D deficiency and new-onset atrial fibrillation among hypertensive patients","volume":"9","author":"Ozcan","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Am Soc Hypertens."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"837207","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.837207","article-title":"Circulating vitamin D levels and the risk of atrial fibrillation: a two-sample Mendelian randomization study","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"842392","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2022.842392","article-title":"Circulating vitamin D concentrations and risk of atrial fibrillation: a Mendelian randomization study using non-deficient range summary statistics","volume":"9","author":"Zhang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Nutr."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102350","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2019.102350","article-title":"Emerging role of vitamin D in autoimmune diseases: an update on evidence and therapeutic implications","volume":"18","author":"Murdaca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Autoimmun Rev."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4288","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22084288","article-title":"Vitamin D and microbiota: is there a link with allergies?","volume":"22","author":"Murdaca","year":"2021","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5856","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20235856","article-title":"IL-33\/IL-31 axis in immune-mediated and allergic diseases","volume":"20","author":"Murdaca","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"68","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ahj.2018.12.006","article-title":"Vitamin D with calcium supplementation and risk of atrial fibrillation in postmenopausal women","volume":"209","author":"Boursiquot","year":"2019","journal-title":"Am Heart J."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"c3691","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.c3691","article-title":"Effect of calcium supplements on risk of myocardial infarction and cardiovascular events: meta-analysis","volume":"341","author":"Bolland","year":"2010","journal-title":"BMJ."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"d2040","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d2040","article-title":"Calcium supplements with or without vitamin D and risk of cardiovascular events: reanalysis of the Women's Health Initiative limited access dataset and meta-analysis","volume":"342","author":"Bolland","year":"2011","journal-title":"BMJ."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1246359\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,23]],"date-time":"2023-09-23T12:39:34Z","timestamp":1695472774000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1246359\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]]},"references-count":38,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2023.1246359"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2023.1246359","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,21]]},"article-number":"1246359"}}