{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:22:29Z","timestamp":1787026949287,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":55,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,11]],"date-time":"2024-01-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1704931200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Metabolic syndrome (MS) has emerged as one of the major global health concerns, accompanied by a series of related complications, such as obesity and type-2 diabetes. The gut-liver axis (GLA) is a bidirectional communication between the gut and the liver. The GLA alterations have been revealed to be closely associated with the development of MS. Probiotics within\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Bifidobacterium<\/jats:italic>\n                    confer beneficial effects on improving MS symptoms. WHHPRO\u2122 is a mixture of four probiotic strains, with potential MS-improving abilities. This study aimed to investigate the effects of WHHPRO\u2122 on MS symptoms using a high-fat diet (HFD) rat model. Oral administration of WHHPRO\u2122 for 12 weeks improved glucose tolerance, blood lipid, body weight, and liver index in HFD rats. WHHPRO\u2122 shaped the gut microbiome composition by increasing the abundance of\n                    <jats:italic>Lactobacillus<\/jats:italic>\n                    and\n                    <jats:italic>Akkermansia<\/jats:italic>\n                    and normalized the reduced SCFA levels in HFD rats. Besides, WHHPRO\u2122 modulated the fecal bile acids (BAs) profile, with decreased levels of T-b-MCA and 12-KDCA and increased levels of LCA and ILCA. Meanwhile, WHHPRO\u2122 increased total unconjugated BAs in feces and liver and reduced the accumulation of total hepatic BA pool size in HFD rats. Moreover, WHHPRO\u2122 reversed the expression of genes associated with impaired BA metabolism signaling in the ileum and liver. Our findings suggest that WHHPRO\u2122 exerted beneficial effects on improving MS symptoms, involving the modulation of the gut microbiome composition, SCFAs, and the FXR-FGF15 signaling along the GLA. Supplementation of WHHPRO\u2122 may serve as a novel strategy for improving MS symptoms.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2023.1324691","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,10]],"date-time":"2024-01-10T23:50:00Z","timestamp":1704930600000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The supplementation of the multi-strain probiotics WHHPRO\u2122 alleviates high-fat diet-induced metabolic symptoms in rats via gut-liver 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