{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,17]],"date-time":"2026-07-17T17:28:29Z","timestamp":1784309309818,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720569600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Chrononutrition studies the relation between diet, circadian rhythms and metabolism, which may alter the metabolic intrauterine environment, influencing infant fat-mass (FM) development and possibly increasing obesity risk.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Aim<\/jats:title><jats:p>To evaluate the association of chrononutrition in pregnancy and infant FM at 6\u2009months.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Healthy pregnant women and term-babies (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009100pairs) from the OBESO cohort (2017\u20132023) were studied. Maternal registries included pregestational body-mass-index (BMI), gestational complications\/medications, weight gain. Diet (three 24\u2009h-recalls, 1 each trimester) and sleep-schedule (first and third trimesters) were evaluated computing fasting (hours from last\u2013first meal), breakfast and dinner latencies (minutes between wake up-breakfast and dinner-sleep, respectively), number of main meals\/day, meal skipping (\u22651 main meal\/d on three recalls) and nighttime eating (from 9:00\u2009pm\u20135:59\u2009am on three recalls). Neonatal weight, length, BMI\/age were assessed. At 6\u2009months, infant FM (kg, %; air-displacement plethysmography) was measured, and FM index (FMI\u2014kgFM\/length<jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>) computed. Exclusive breastfeeding (EBF) was recorded. Multiple linear regression models evaluated the association between chrononutrition and 6\u2009month infant FM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Mean fasting was 11.7\u2009\u00b1\u20091.3\u2009h; breakfast, dinner latency were 87.3\u2009\u00b1\u200975.2, 99.6\u2009\u00b1\u200965.6\u2009min, respectively. Average meals\/day were 3.0\u2009\u00b1\u20090.5. Meal skipping was reported in 3% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20093) of women and nighttime eating in 35% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200935). Most neonates had normal BMI\/age (88%, <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200988). Compared to those who did not, mothers engaged in nighttime-eating had infants with higher %FM (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic> =\u20090.019). Regression models (<jats:italic>R<\/jats:italic><jats:sup>2<\/jats:sup>\u2009\u2265\u20090.308, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009\u2264\u20090.001) showed that nighttime eating was positively associated with %FM (B: 2.7, 95%CI: 0.32\u20135.16). When analyzing women without complications\/medications (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u200980), nighttime eating was associated with higher FM [%FM, B: 3.24 (95%CI: 0.59\u20135.88); kgFM, B: 0.20 (95%CI: 0.003\u20130.40); FMI, B: 0.54 (95%CI: 0.03\u20131.05)]. Infant sex and weight (6\u2009months) were significant, while maternal obesity, pregnancy complications\/medications, parity, energy intake, birth-BMI\/age, and EBF were not.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Maternal nighttime eating is associated with higher adiposity in 6\u2009month infants.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1364722","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T14:11:09Z","timestamp":1720620669000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Nighttime eating during pregnancy and infant adiposity at 6\u2009months of life"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Ameyalli 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