{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,22]],"date-time":"2026-09-22T15:53:18Z","timestamp":1790092398022,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726099200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) affects up to 20 % of reproductive-age individuals and is strongly linked to obesity. The impacts of ketogenic diet on fertility in people with PCOS are unknown. This study aims to determine the effect of a ketogenic diet on restoration of regular menstrual cycles and fertility.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>After approval from the Institutional Review Boards of Cleveland Clinic, a retrospective analysis was conducted using the electronic health record system. We analyzed data from thirty patients (n = 30) with polycystic ovary syndrome who followed a ketogenic diet for at least 3 months at the Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA. Main outcomes were percentage of women with restoration of regular menstrual cycles and pregnancy rate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>All women (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 30) had restoration of regular menstrual cycles. The overall pregnancy rate of women desiring pregnancy (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 18) was 55.6% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 10). Pregnancy rate was 38.5% for women on metformin and 100% for those who were not (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.036). Pregnancy rate was 62.5% for women using ovulation induction agents and 50.0% for those who did not (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.66). Percent weight change between the pregnant and non-pregnant groups did not significantly differ [\u22128.1 \u00b1 6.2, vs \u22126.4 \u00b1 8.4, <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic> = 0.64, respectively].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This study reports a higher rate of pregnancy with the ketogenic diet in women with PCOS compared to existing literature.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1395977","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]],"date-time":"2024-09-12T05:35:55Z","timestamp":1726119355000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Ketogenic diet improves fertility in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome: a brief report"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yumiko","family":"Tsushima","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Noura","family":"Nachawi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kevin M.","family":"Pantalone","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Marcio L.","family":"Griebeler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ula Abed","family":"Alwahab","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,12]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3067","DOI":"10.1093\/humrep\/des232","article-title":"Prevalence, phenotype and cardiometabolic risk of polycystic ovary syndrome under different diagnostic criteria.","volume":"27","author":"Yildiz","year":"2012","journal-title":"Hum Reprod."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1210\/jcem.86.4.7375","article-title":"Troglitazone improves ovulation and hirsutism in the polycystic ovary syndrome: A multicenter, double blind, placebo-controlled trial.","volume":"86","author":"Azziz","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1223","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMra041536","article-title":"Polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"352","author":"Ehrmann","year":"2005","journal-title":"N Engl J Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2265.1992.tb02909.x","article-title":"Improvement in endocrine and ovarian function during dietary treatment of obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"36","author":"Kiddy","year":"1992","journal-title":"Clin Endocrinol (Oxf)."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"346","DOI":"10.5698\/1535-7597.17.6.346","article-title":"Ketogenic diets for adults with highly refractory epilepsy.","volume":"17","author":"McDonald","year":"2017","journal-title":"Epilepsy Curr."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.nut.2014.06.011","article-title":"Dietary carbohydrate restriction as the first approach in diabetes management: Critical review and evidence base.","volume":"31","author":"Feinman","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nutrition."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1743-7075-2-35","article-title":"The effects of a low-carbohydrate, ketogenic diet on the polycystic ovary syndrome: A pilot study.","volume":"2","author":"Mavropoulos","year":"2005","journal-title":"Nutr Metab (Lond)."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-020-02277-0","article-title":"Effects of a ketogenic diet in overweight women with polycystic ovary syndrome.","volume":"18","author":"Paoli","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Transl Med."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e427","DOI":"10.4158\/ACCR-2018-0026","article-title":"Ketogenic diet may restore fertility in women with polycystic ovary syndrome: A case series.","volume":"4","author":"Alwahab","year":"2018","journal-title":"AACE Clin Case Rep."},{"key":"B10","author":"Sharpe","year":"2024","journal-title":"Metformin for ovulation induction (excluding gonadotrophins) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome - 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