{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,17]],"date-time":"2026-10-17T05:05:06Z","timestamp":1792213506116,"version":"4.4.0"},"reference-count":69,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]],"date-time":"2024-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1718064000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Lignans are phytoestrogens found in various forms such as glycosides, ester-linked oligomers, and aglycones in a variety of foods, including soy products, legumes, grains, nuts, vegetables, and fruits. This study aimed to optimize the extraction of lignans from cereal grains using response surface methodology (RSM). Lignans, including secoisolariciresinol (Seco), matairesinol (Mat), pinoresinol (Pin), lariciresinol (Lar), and syringaresinol (Syr), were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography\u2013tandem mass spectrometry. A Box\u2013Behnken design was employed to determine the optimal values for three extraction parameters: temperature (X1: 20\u00b0C\u201360\u00b0C), methanol concentration (X2: 60%\u2013100%), and extraction time (X3: 30\u201390 min). The highest lignan contents were obtained at X1\u2009=\u200944.24\u00b0C, X2\u2009=\u200984.64%, and X3\u2009=\u200953.63\u2009min. To apply these experimental conditions to the actual experiment, the optimal conditions were slightly adjusted to X1\u2009=\u200940\u00b0C, X2\u2009=\u200980%, and X3\u2009=\u200960\u2009min. The predicted results closely matched the experimental results obtained using the modified optimal extraction conditions. The highest lignan content found in barley sprouts (85.930\u2009\u03bcg\/100\u2009g), however, most grains exhibited relatively low concentrations of lignans. These findings provide valuable insights into the lignan content of grains and contribute to the generation of reliable data in this field.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1409309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T09:31:11Z","timestamp":1718184671000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Optimal extraction conditions and quantification of lignan phytoestrogens in cereal grains using targeted LC-MS\/MS"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Yoonjeong","family":"Kim","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heon-Woong","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jeehye","family":"Sung","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Younghwa","family":"Kim","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"27","article-title":"Phylogenetic distribution of lignan producing plants","volume":"90","author":"Umezawa","year":"2003","journal-title":"Wood Res"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"410","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2011.12.023","article-title":"Plant and mammalian lignans: a review of source, intake, metabolism, intestinal bacteria and health","volume":"46","author":"Landete","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Res Int"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1357","DOI":"10.1080\/14786419.2018.1474467","article-title":"Naturally occurring furofuran lignans: structural diversity and biological activities","volume":"33","author":"Xu","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Prod Res"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"401","DOI":"10.1021\/jf072695u","article-title":"Lignan content of selected foods from Japan","volume":"56","author":"Penalvo","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2005.11.054","article-title":"Chromatographic analysis of lignans","volume":"1112","author":"Willfor","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"399","DOI":"10.1134\/S106193481805012X","article-title":"Chromatographic determination of lignans (antioxidants) in food products","volume":"73","author":"Yashin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Aanal Chem"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.3390\/foods11101386","article-title":"Exploring lignans, a class of health promoting compounds, in a variety of edible oils from Brazil","volume":"11","author":"Tardugno","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Secur"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6317","DOI":"10.1021\/jf030263n","article-title":"Studies on the metabolism of the plant lignans secoisolariciresinol and matairesinol","volume":"51","author":"Niemeyer","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2007.05.017","article-title":"Antioxidant activities of the flaxseed lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside, its aglycone secoisolariciresinol and the mammalian lignans enterodiol and enterolactone in vitro","volume":"45","author":"Hu","year":"2007","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9342","DOI":"10.1021\/jf051488w","article-title":"Quantification of lignans in food using isotope dilution gas chromatography\/mass spectrometry","volume":"53","author":"Pe\u00f1alvo","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"995","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phytochem.2004.03.005","article-title":"Dietary phytoestrogens and health","volume":"65","author":"Cornwell","year":"2004","journal-title":"Phytochemistry"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"289","DOI":"10.1016\/s1570-0232(02)00281-7","article-title":"Mammalian phytoestrogens: Enterodiol and Enterolactone","volume":"777","author":"Wang","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10737","DOI":"10.1039\/D2FO02559K","article-title":"In vitro gastrointestinal bioaccessibility and colonic fermentation of lignans from fresh, fermented, and germinated flaxseed","volume":"13","author":"Zaki","year":"2022","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2022","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.3c07636","article-title":"Stability and bioaccessibility of Lignans in food products","volume":"9","author":"Berenshtein","year":"2024","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"171","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118354100.ch7","article-title":"Health benefits of oat phytochemicals","volume":"2013","author":"Cui","year":"2013","journal-title":"Oats Nutr Technol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126","DOI":"10.1080\/10408398.2010.526725","article-title":"Avena sativa (oat), a potential neutraceutical and therapeutic agent: an overview","volume":"53","author":"Singh","year":"2013","journal-title":"Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1711","DOI":"10.1017\/S0007114516000829","article-title":"Absorption of plant lignans from cereals in an experimental pig model","volume":"115","author":"Bolvig","year":"2016","journal-title":"Br J Nutr"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102939","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcs.2020.102939","article-title":"Lignans in triticale grain and triticale products","volume":"93","author":"Makowska","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Cereal Sci"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"124","DOI":"10.2478\/prolas-2022-0019","article-title":"Lignans in oat and barley grains depending on genotype and farming practice","volume":"76","author":"Bleidere","year":"2022","journal-title":"Proc Latv Acad Sci Section B Nat Exact Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8343","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.6b03452","article-title":"Validated LC-MS\/MS method for the quantification of free and bound lignans in cereal-based diets and feces","volume":"64","author":"N\u00f8rskov","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"78","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jchromb.2006.03.058","article-title":"Determination of secoisolariciresinol, lariciresinol and isolariciresinol in plant foods by high performance liquid chromatography coupled with coulometric electrode array detection","volume":"838","author":"Schwartz","year":"2006","journal-title":"J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5837","DOI":"10.1021\/jf9004274","article-title":"Characterization of variation in the lignan content and composition of winter rye, spring wheat, and spring oat","volume":"57","author":"Smeds","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"184","DOI":"10.1207\/s15327914nc5402_5","article-title":"Phytoestrogen content of foods consumed in Canada, including isoflavones, lignans, and coumestan","volume":"54","author":"Thompson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Nutr Cancer"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1002\/ejlt.200700057","article-title":"Lignan contents in sesame seeds and products","volume":"109","author":"Moazzami","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Lipid Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3029","DOI":"10.1111\/1750-3841.13964","article-title":"Protective role of flaxseed oil and flaxseed lignan secoisolariciresinol diglucoside against oxidative stress in rats with metabolic syndrome","volume":"82","author":"Pilar","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Food Sci"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1991","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.03.133","article-title":"Content, composition, and stereochemical characterisation of lignans in berries and seeds","volume":"134","author":"Smeds","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"bmv116","DOI":"10.1093\/chromsci\/bmv116","article-title":"Smashing tissue extraction of five lignans from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis","volume":"54","author":"Cheng","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Chromatogr Sci"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"15273","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules200815273","article-title":"Ultrasound-assisted aqueous two-phase system for extraction and enrichment of Zanthoxylum armatum lignans","volume":"20","author":"Guo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"551","DOI":"10.1007\/s12161-011-9281-6","article-title":"Evaluation of a microwave-assisted extraction method for lignan quantification in flaxseed cultivars and selected oil seeds","volume":"5","author":"Nemes","year":"2012","journal-title":"Food Anal Methods"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"126924","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2020.126924","article-title":"A new analytical method for the simultaneous quantification of isoflavones and lignans in 25 green coffee samples by HPLC-MS\/MS","volume":"325","author":"Angeloni","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1337","DOI":"10.1021\/jf0629134","article-title":"Quantification of a broad spectrum of lignans in cereals, oilseeds, and nuts","volume":"55","author":"Smeds","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"249","DOI":"10.1016\/j.drudis.2007.01.007","article-title":"Current and future trends in the application of HPLC-MS to metabolite-identification studies","volume":"12","author":"Castro-Perez","year":"2007","journal-title":"Drug Discov Today"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"148","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jprot.2012.11.005","article-title":"Selectivity of LC-MS\/MS analysis: implication for proteomics experiments","volume":"81","author":"Gallien","year":"2013","journal-title":"J Proteome"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1016\/j.trac.2016.12.006","article-title":"Trends in LC-MS and LC-HRMS analysis and characterization of polyphenols in food","volume":"88","author":"Lucci","year":"2017","journal-title":"TrAC Trends Anal Chem"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"62","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jfca.2007.04.012","article-title":"HPLC\/DAD\/ESI\/MS detection of lignans from Spanish and Italian Olea europaea L. fruits","volume":"21","author":"L\u00f3pez","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Food Compos Anal"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1184","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2008.08.004","article-title":"Variability of phytoestrogen content in foods from different sources","volume":"113","author":"Kuhnle","year":"2009","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"128","DOI":"10.1002\/wics.73","article-title":"Response surface methodology","volume":"2","author":"Khuri","year":"2010","journal-title":"Wiley Interdisciplin Rev Comput Stat"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117544","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lfs.2020.117544","article-title":"Chemistry, pharmacokinetics, pharmacology and recent novel drug delivery systems of paeonol","volume":"250","author":"Adki","year":"2020","journal-title":"Life Sci"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.12944\/CRNFSJ.9.3.03","article-title":"An overview on the use of response surface methodology to model and optimize extraction processes in the food industry","volume":"9","author":"Tirado-Kulieva","year":"2021","journal-title":"C"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"17","DOI":"10.1016\/j.seppur.2007.03.006","article-title":"Optimization of ethanol\u2013water extraction of lignans from flaxseed","volume":"57","author":"Zhang","year":"2007","journal-title":"Sep Purif Technol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3618","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules17043618","article-title":"Response surface modeling and optimization of accelerated solvent extraction of four lignans from fructus schisandrae","volume":"17","author":"Zhao","year":"2012","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"321","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox8080321","article-title":"Optimization of an ultrasound-assisted extraction for simultaneous determination of antioxidants in sesame with response surface methodology","volume":"8","author":"Wang","year":"2019","journal-title":"Antioxidants"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"543","DOI":"10.9799\/ksfan.2022.35.6.543","article-title":"Development of simultaneous analytical method for five lignans in edible seeds","volume":"35","author":"Kim","year":"2022","journal-title":"Korean J Food Nutr"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111239","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2020.111239","article-title":"Effect of roasting and in vitro digestion on phenolic profiles and antioxidant activity of water-soluble extracts from sesame","volume":"139","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"223","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chroma.2008.01.066","article-title":"Separation and determination of secoisolariciresinol diglucoside oligomers and their hydrolysates in the flaxseed extract by high-performance liquid chromatography","volume":"1185","author":"Li","year":"2008","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"432","DOI":"10.3390\/foods8100432","article-title":"Phenolic compounds from sesame cake and antioxidant activity: a new insight for Agri-food residues\u2019 significance for sustainable development","volume":"8","author":"Mekky","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Secur"},{"key":"ref47","first-page":"130","article-title":"Bioactive molecules in cereal grains","volume":"60","author":"Durazzo","year":"2009","journal-title":"Tec Molitoria"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.3390\/foods2010053","article-title":"Lignan content in cereals, buckwheat and derived foods","volume":"2","author":"Durazzo","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Secur"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1847","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2012.11.117","article-title":"Effect of thermal heating on some lignans in flax seeds, sesame seeds and rye","volume":"138","author":"Gerstenmeyer","year":"2013","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"ref50","first-page":"136","article-title":"Quantification of seed oil and evaluation of antioxidant properties in the wild and cultivated species of Sesamum L. (Pedaliaceae)","volume":"7","author":"Akhila","year":"2015","journal-title":"Int J Pharm Pharm Sci"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"89","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fct.2019.03.054","article-title":"Effects of thermal preparation and in vitro digestion on lignan profiles and antioxidant activity in defatted-sesame meal","volume":"128","author":"Chen","year":"2019","journal-title":"Food Chem Toxicol"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1021\/jf2040687","article-title":"Sesamolinol glucoside, disaminyl ether, and other lignans from sesame seeds","volume":"60","author":"Grougnet","year":"2012","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"679","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2010.03.036","article-title":"Cellulase-assisted release of secoisolariciresinol from extracts of flax (Linum usitatissimum) hulls and whole seeds","volume":"122","author":"Renouard","year":"2010","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2016.01.010","article-title":"Ultrasound assisted extraction of total phenolics from Cassia auriculata leaves and evaluation of its antioxidant activities","volume":"84","author":"Sharmila","year":"2016","journal-title":"Ind Crop Prod"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"804","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2007.06.062","article-title":"Optimisation of ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from wheat bran","volume":"106","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.3390\/agronomy7030047","article-title":"Ultrasound assisted extraction for the recovery of phenolic compounds from vegetable sources","volume":"7","author":"Medina-Torres","year":"2017","journal-title":"Agronomy"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"299","DOI":"10.1016\/s1350-4177(00)00075-4","article-title":"The extraction of rutin from flower buds of Sophora japonica","volume":"8","author":"Paniwnyk","year":"2001","journal-title":"Ultrason Sonochem"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/s0021-9673(03)01184-1","article-title":"Ultrasound-assisted extraction of soy isoflavones","volume":"1012","author":"Rostagno","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Chromatogr A"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ultsonch.2015.02.008","article-title":"Development and validation of an efficient ultrasound assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) seeds","volume":"26","author":"Corbin","year":"2015","journal-title":"Ultrason Sonochem"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1016\/j.sjbs.2015.04.010","article-title":"Optimization protocol for the extraction of antioxidant components from Origanum vulgare leaves using response surface methodology","volume":"23","author":"Majeed","year":"2016","journal-title":"Saudi J Biol Sci"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"41","DOI":"10.1016\/j.fbp.2020.03.011","article-title":"Effect of solvent composition and its interaction with ultrasonic energy on the ultrasound-assisted extraction of phenolic compounds from mango peels (Mangifera indica L.)","volume":"122","author":"Mart\u00ednez-Ramos","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Bioprod Process"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2107","DOI":"10.3390\/app12042107","article-title":"Effect of temperatures on polyphenols during extraction","volume":"12","author":"Antony","year":"2022","journal-title":"Appl Sci"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"47","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodchem.2004.08.050","article-title":"Optimization of extraction of phenolic compounds from wheat using response surface methodology","volume":"93","author":"Liyanapathirana","year":"2005","journal-title":"Food Chem"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14482","DOI":"10.1111\/jfpp.14482","article-title":"Optimising extraction of antioxidants from roasted Moringa oleifera lam. Leaves using response surface methodology","volume":"44","author":"Fombang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Food Process Preserv"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"137","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpba.2018.05.039","article-title":"Optimizing the extraction of polyphenols from Sideritis montana L. using response surface methodology","volume":"158","author":"Bilgin","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Pharm Biomed Anal"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1807","DOI":"10.1021\/jf026068a","article-title":"Optimization of microwave-assisted extraction (MAP) for ginseng components by response surface methodology","volume":"51","author":"Kwon","year":"2003","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"566","DOI":"10.1016\/j.indcrop.2012.09.021","article-title":"Maximizing total phenolics, total flavonoids contents and antioxidant activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extract by the appropriate extraction method","volume":"44","author":"Vongsak","year":"2013","journal-title":"Ind Crop Prod"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"1397","DOI":"10.1016\/S0271-5317(05)80472-5","article-title":"Water content of cooked rice is related to variety and cooking method","volume":"1991","author":"Dibba","year":"1991","journal-title":"Nutr Res"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"348","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcs.2007.07.006","article-title":"Fermentation-induced changes in the nutritional value of native or germinated rye","volume":"46","author":"Katina","year":"2007","journal-title":"J Cereal Sci"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2024.1409309\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,12]],"date-time":"2024-06-12T09:31:17Z","timestamp":1718184677000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2024.1409309\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]},"references-count":69,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2024.1409309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2024.1409309","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,6,11]]},"article-number":"1409309"}}