{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,28]],"date-time":"2026-10-28T15:59:40Z","timestamp":1793203180184,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]],"date-time":"2024-07-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1720396800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recently, the multisociety Delphi consensus renamed non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) terminology [previously renamed metabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD)] as metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD). The aim of this study was to compare the similarities and differences between NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD and to clarify the impact of this new name change.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A cross-sectional study of 3,035 general subjects with valid vibration-controlled transient elastography data was conducted based on data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2017\u20132020. NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD were defined according to the corresponding consensus criteria.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) \u2265274 dB\/m and liver stiffness measurements (LSM) \u22659.7 kPa as the cutoff values for the presence of hepatic steatosis and advanced liver fibrosis (ALF), the prevalence of NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD were 38.01% (95% CI 35.78\u201340.29%), 41.09% (39.09\u201343.12%), and 37.9% (35.70\u201340.14%), respectively, and the corresponding prevalence of ALF was 10.21% (7.09\u201314.48%), 10.13% (7.06-14.35%), and 10.24% (7.11\u201314.53%), respectively. The kappa values for the three definitions were above 0.9. The prevalence and severity of the three definitions remained similar when the sensitivity analyses were performed using different CAP thresholds. The prevalence of NAFLD, MAFLD, MASLD, and ALF increased as the number of cardiometabolic risk factors (CMRF) increased.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings highlight the consistency among the three definitions, especially between NAFLD and MASLD, so that the new consensus will not disturb the original NAFLD-related findings. Additionally, more attention should be paid to patients with a high number of CMRFs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1411802","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T20:53:15Z","timestamp":1720644795000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":39,"title":["Comparing similarities and differences between NAFLD, MAFLD, and MASLD in the general U.S. population"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Haoxuan","family":"Zou","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaopu","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wen","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.03.040","article-title":"Global incidence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of 63 studies and 1,201,807 persons","volume":"79","author":"Le","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1335","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000004","article-title":"The global epidemiology of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH): a systematic review","volume":"77","author":"Younossi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.1038\/nrgastro.2017.109","article-title":"Global burden of NAFLD and NASH: trends, predictions, risk factors and prevention","volume":"15","author":"Younossi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2019-318813","article-title":"Epidemiology of chronic liver diseases in the USA in the past three decades","volume":"69","author":"Younossi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gut."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1999","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.11.312","article-title":"MAFLD: a consensus-driven proposed nomenclature for metabolic associated fatty liver disease","volume":"158","author":"Eslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1194","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.31420","article-title":"From NAFLD to MAFLD: implications of a premature change in terminology","volume":"73","author":"Younossi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"696","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000696","article-title":"A multi-society Delphi consensus statement on new fatty liver disease nomenclature","volume":"2023","author":"Rinella","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2425","DOI":"10.1111\/liv.15695","article-title":"Exploring the landscape of steatotic liver disease in the general US population","volume":"43","author":"Ciardullo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Liver Int."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"604","DOI":"10.1097\/HEP.0000000000000604","article-title":"National prevalence estimates for steatotic liver disease and sub-classifications using consensus nomenclature","volume":"2023","author":"Lee","year":"2023","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"745","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2022.1609","article-title":"Association between psoriasis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease among outpatient US adults","volume":"158","author":"Ruan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Am Med Assoc Dermatol."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100525","DOI":"10.1016\/j.lana.2023.100525","article-title":"Burden of high-risk phenotype of heavy alcohol consumption among obese U.S. population: results from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1999\u20132020","volume":"23","author":"Raza","year":"2023","journal-title":"Lancet Reg Health Am"},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"524","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cgh.2011.03.020","article-title":"Changes in the prevalence of the most common causes of chronic liver diseases in the United States from 1988 to 2008","volume":"9","author":"Younossi","year":"2011","journal-title":"Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S14","DOI":"10.2337\/dc20-S002","article-title":"Classification and diagnosis of diabetes: standards of medical care in diabetes-2020","volume":"43","year":"2020","journal-title":"Diabet Care"},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3021","DOI":"10.1097\/HJH.0000000000001940","article-title":"2018 ESC\/ESH Guidelines for the management of arterial hypertension","volume":"39","author":"Williams","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1817","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.28394","article-title":"Liver stiffness in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a comparison of supersonic shear imaging, FibroScan, and ARFI with liver biopsy","volume":"63","author":"Cassinotto","year":"2016","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6053","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v25.i40.6053","article-title":"Ultrasound-based techniques for the diagnosis of liver steatosis","volume":"25","author":"Ferraioli","year":"2019","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1717","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.01.042","article-title":"Accuracy of FibroScan controlled attenuation parameter and liver stiffness measurement in assessing steatosis and fibrosis in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"156","author":"Eddowes","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1022","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2016.12.022","article-title":"Individual patient data meta-analysis of controlled attenuation parameter (CAP) technology for assessing steatosis","volume":"66","author":"Karlas","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"362","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-1253(19)30383-8","article-title":"FibroScan-AST (FAST) score for the non-invasive identification of patients with non-alcoholic steatohepatitis with significant activity and fibrosis: a prospective derivation and global validation study","volume":"5","author":"Newsome","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.039","article-title":"A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: an international expert consensus statement","volume":"73","author":"Eslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"889","DOI":"10.1007\/s12072-020-10094-2","article-title":"The Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver clinical practice guidelines for the diagnosis and management of metabolic associated fatty liver disease","volume":"14","author":"Eslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"Hepatol Int."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"11","DOI":"10.15620\/cdc:115434","article-title":"National health and nutrition examination survey, 2017-March 2020 prepandemic file: sample design, estimation, and analytic guidelines","volume":"2022","author":"Akinbami","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vital Health Stat"},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"26","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.08.026","article-title":"99% of patients with NAFLD meet MASLD criteria and natural history is therefore identical","volume":"8","author":"Hagstr\u00f6m","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.08.025","article-title":"Changing from NAFLD through MAFLD to MASLD: similar prevalence and risk factors in a large Brazilian cohort","volume":"8","author":"Perazzo","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"21","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.07.021","article-title":"Can we use old NAFLD data under the new MASLD definition?","volume":"7","author":"Song","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"30","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2023.09.030","article-title":"The influence of different combinations of cardiometabolic risk factors on the prevalence of MASLD and risk of advanced fibrosis deserves attention","volume":"9","author":"Yang","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"389","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2015.04.043","article-title":"Liver fibrosis, but no other histologic features, is associated with long-term outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease","volume":"149","author":"Angulo","year":"2015","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1265","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.07.027","article-title":"Fibrosis stage but not NASH predicts mortality and time to development of severe liver disease in biopsy-proven NAFLD","volume":"67","author":"Hagstr\u00f6m","year":"2017","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1611","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2020.01.043","article-title":"Association between fibrosis stage and outcomes of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"158","author":"Taylor","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2024.1411802\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,10]],"date-time":"2024-07-10T20:53:20Z","timestamp":1720644800000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2024.1411802\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"references-count":29,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2024.1411802"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2024.1411802","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,7,8]]},"article-number":"1411802"}}