{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,2]],"date-time":"2026-10-02T16:12:18Z","timestamp":1790957538080,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1729814400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003398","name":"Shanxi Scholarship Council of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003398","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001809","name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001809","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>To clarify whether Vitamin D prevent the occurrence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and improve glucose control in T2DM patients, we conducted this umbrella review, taking into account the inconsistent results of existing Meta-analyses. We aim to reveal the causal relationship between Vitamin D and T2DM through summarizing Meta-analyses of observational studies, and clarify the improvement on glucose control in T2DM patients through summarizing Meta-analyses of RCT studies between Vitamin D supplementation and T2DM patients, especially in T2DM patients with Vitamin D deficiency.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We collected the Meta-analyses of observational studies and RCTs in PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>16 Meta-analyses (6 effect sizes for cohort studies and 10 effect sizes for RCTs) were included in the umbrella Meta-analyses. Random-effects model was carried out to calculate the pooled point estimates and their respective 95% confidence intervals (CI). The results revealed that lower 25(OH)D levels increased the risk of T2DM (Pooled ES<jats:sub>RR<\/jats:sub>\u2009=\u20091.34; 95%CI: 1.16, 1.53), Vitamin D supplementation ameliorated FBG (ES\u2009=\u2009\u22120.56; 95%CI: \u22121.00, \u22120.11), HbA1c (ES\u2009=\u2009\u22120.11; 95%CI: \u22120.20, \u22120.02), insulin (ES\u2009=\u2009\u22120.38; 95%CI: \u22120.59, \u22120.18) and HOMA-IR (ES\u2009=\u2009\u22120.37; 95%CI: \u22120.57, \u22120.16) in T2DM patients, especially in those with Vitamin D deficiency (FBG\u2009=\u2009\u22120.98; HbA1c\u2009=\u2009\u22120.27; HOMA-IR\u2009=\u2009\u22120.52).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The present umbrella Meta-analyses demonstrates the potential benefits of higher serum Vitamin D levels and Vitamin D supplementation in reducing the development and symptoms of T2DM.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2024.1462535","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]],"date-time":"2024-10-25T04:45:41Z","timestamp":1729831541000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["The prevention and improvement effects of vitamin D on type 2 diabetes mellitus: evidence from an umbrella review on Meta-analyses of cohort studies and randomized controlled trials"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"11","author":[{"given":"Le","family":"Cheng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chenhui","family":"Lv","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lushan","family":"Xue","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cheng","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lili","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xi","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuangzhi","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuemin","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wenjuan","family":"Feng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haoran","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haifeng","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,10,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"27","DOI":"10.1038\/s41574-023-00898-1","article-title":"Inter-organ 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