{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,6]],"date-time":"2026-04-06T09:16:41Z","timestamp":1775467001857,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739836800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Barley serves as a crucial feed crop and is also utilized for baking, malting, and brewing purposes. In India, the consistent demand for malting-type barley has not been met due to the lack of suitable varieties. This study evaluated 136 barley germplasm accessions for diversity in biochemical and agro-morphological traits. The accessions were grown in Augmented Block Design and biochemical estimations were carried out using official and standard methods. The accessions exhibited substantial biochemical diversity with protein content (PC) ranging from 8.6 to 17.4%, starch content (SC) from 32.4 to 60.3%, amylose content (AC) from 13.3 to 19.3%, <jats:italic>\u03b2<\/jats:italic>-glucan content (\u03b2gC) from 1.31 to 6.06%, and total phenol content (TPC) from 8.6 to 17.4%. The agro-morphological traits also displayed considerable variation, with days to spike emergence (DSE) ranging from 74 to 124 days, days to physiological maturity (DPM) from 119 to 147 days, plant height (PH) from 82 to 165 cm, spike length (SL) from 5 to 11 cm, spikelet triplet groups (STG) per spike from 13 to 35, grain number per spike (GNS) from 15 to 71, hundred-grain weight (HGW) from 2 to 6.7 grams, and grain yield per meter row (GY) from 13.7 to 236.3 grams. Multivariate analyses, including the Mantel test, Pearson\u2019s correlation, principal component analysis (PCA), and hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA), were conducted. No significant correlation was observed between biochemical and agro-morphological traits. However, significant positive correlations were found between SC and AC (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.48) and \u03b2gC with PC (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.2). Significant negative correlations were observed between SC and PC (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.41) and AC with PC (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.4). Highly significant positive correlations were observed between DSE and DPM (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.55), GY and PH (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.29), PH and DPM (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.2), and HGW and SL (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.25). The GWL was significantly positively correlated with \u03b2gC (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = 0.257) and significantly negatively correlated with TPC (<jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic> = \u22120.235). Apart from Grain Width to Length Ratio (GWL), no other agro-morphological trait was significantly correlated with any biochemical trait. Various accessions suitable for malting, human food, and cattle feed applications were identified.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1480708","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]],"date-time":"2025-02-18T14:02:58Z","timestamp":1739887378000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Biochemical and agro-morphological traits-based mining for Malt Barley Germplasm"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Shakti","family":"Khera","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Prakash","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Shashi Bhushan","family":"Tripathi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sherry Racheal","family":"Jacob","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Dinesh","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charan","family":"Singh","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rakesh","family":"Bhardwaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sudhir Pal","family":"Ahlawat","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jai Chand","family":"Rana","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Amritbir","family":"Riar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1002\/9780470369333","volume-title":"Barley for food and health: Science, technology, and products","author":"Newman","year":"2008"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10884","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules200610884","article-title":"A review of extraction and analysis of bioactives in oat and barley and scope for use of novel food processing technologies","volume":"20","author":"Gangopadhyay","year":"2015","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref3","volume-title":"Effects of feeding Hulless barley (","author":"Yang","year":"2018"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"114625","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2020.114625","article-title":"Effects of barley type and processing method on rumen fermentation, dry matter disappearance and fermentation characteristics in batch cultures","volume":"269","author":"Saleem","year":"2020","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"28","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2014.06.015","article-title":"Effects of bulk density, precision processing and processing index on in vitro ruminal fermentation of dry-rolled barley grain","volume":"195","author":"Anele","year":"2014","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1016\/j.anifeedsci.2017.09.012","article-title":"Gastrointestinal functionality in animal nutrition and health: new opportunities for sustainable animal production","volume":"234","author":"Celi","year":"2017","journal-title":"Anim Feed Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3519","DOI":"10.3390\/plants11243519","article-title":"Barley in the production of cereal-based products","volume":"11","author":"Lukinac","year":"2022","journal-title":"Plan Theory"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1006\/jcrs.2001.0458","article-title":"Wheat bread quality as influenced by the substitution of waxy and regular barley flours in their native and extruded forms","volume":"36","author":"Gill","year":"2002","journal-title":"J Cereal Sci"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"106286","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodhyd.2020.106286","article-title":"Review on the physicochemical properties, modifications, and applications of starches and its common modified forms used in noodle products","volume":"112","author":"Obadi","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Hydrocoll"},{"key":"ref10","first-page":"229","article-title":"Effect of storage and processing conditions on nutrient composition of wheat and barley","volume-title":"Wheat and barley grain biofortification, Woodhead Publishing series in food science, technology and nutrition, wheat and barley grain biofortification","author":"Narwal","year":"2020"},{"key":"ref11","first-page":"195","article-title":"Chapter 9 - Barley: grain-quality characteristics and management of quality requirements","volume-title":"Cereal Grains. 2nd edn. 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