{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,25]],"date-time":"2026-08-25T08:22:04Z","timestamp":1787646124057,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1740096000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Respiratory diseases are a leading cause of morbidity in children globally, with significant healthcare costs. The overuse of conventional treatments like antibiotics has raised concerns about antibiotic resistance and side effects.\n                    <jats:italic>Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus<\/jats:italic>\n                    GG (LGG), one of the most extensively studied probiotics, has gained attention as a potential adjunct therapies due to their ability to modulate the gut microbiota and immune responses. This review aims to assess the effectiveness of LGG in managing pediatric respiratory diseases, including respiratory tract infections (RTI), cystic fibrosis (CF), and asthma. Clinical trials suggest LGG can reduce the incidence and severity of RTI, improving CF symptoms, and enhancing quality of life in children. However, evidence for its benefits in asthma remains inconclusive. Its mechanisms include modulating immune responses, enhancing gut barrier function, and maintaining a microbial homeostasis via the gut-lung axis. Existing studies are often limited by small sample sizes, heterogeneity in intervention protocols, and short follow-up periods. Emerging technologies and novel formulations, hold promise for unraveling the complex interactions among LGG, the gut-lung axis, and respiratory health. These advancements could pave the way for personalized probiotic therapies, highlighting the potential of LGG as a cost-effective, adjunctive therapy for pediatric respiratory diseases. This review underscores the broader significance of integrating LGG into pediatric healthcare, while calling for future research to overcome current limitations, optimize clinical protocols, and explore innovative therapeutic strategies.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1553674","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:22:21Z","timestamp":1740097341000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":14,"title":["Research progress on the application of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG in pediatric respiratory diseases"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yang","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huijuan","family":"Liao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shijie","family":"Sun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohu","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Xie","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hanmin","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(24)00430-4","article-title":"Global, regional, and national burden of upper respiratory infections and otitis media, 1990-2021: a systematic analysis from the global burden of disease study 2021","volume":"25","author":"Sirota","year":"2025","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1626","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(22)00510-2","article-title":"Age-sex differences in the global burden of lower respiratory infections and risk factors, 1990-2019: results from the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"22","author":"Kyu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet Infect Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2023.1216674","article-title":"Probiotics: mechanism of action, health benefits and their application in food industries","volume":"14","author":"Latif","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"55","DOI":"10.1038\/nrmicro.2016.142","article-title":"Emerging pathogenic links between microbiota and the gut-lung axis","volume":"15","author":"Budden","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"36","DOI":"10.1126\/science.aar4301","article-title":"Lung inflammation originating in the gut","volume":"359","author":"Mj\u00f6sberg","year":"2018","journal-title":"Science (New York, NY)"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1279","DOI":"10.1038\/s41590-019-0451-9","article-title":"The influence of the microbiome on respiratory health","volume":"20","author":"Wypych","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Immunol"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e241","DOI":"10.1002\/imt2.241","article-title":"Interaction between intestinal mycobiota and microbiota shapes lung inflammation","volume":"3","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"iMeta"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2782","DOI":"10.1099\/ijsem.0.004107","article-title":"A taxonomic note on the genus Lactobacillus: description of 23 novel genera, emended description of the genus Lactobacillus Beijerinck 1901, and union of Lactobacillaceae and Leuconostocaceae","volume":"70","author":"Zheng","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Syst Evol Microbiol"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S1","DOI":"10.1097\/MCG.0000000000001170","article-title":"Thirty years of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG: A review","volume":"53","author":"Capurso","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S7","DOI":"10.1186\/1475-2859-13-S1-S7","article-title":"Towards a better understanding of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG - host interactions","volume":"13","author":"Segers","year":"2014","journal-title":"Microb Cell Factories"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1574-695X.2010.00680.x","article-title":"Characterization of MabA, a modulator of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG adhesion and biofilm formation","volume":"59","author":"V\u00e9lez","year":"2010","journal-title":"FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107215","DOI":"10.1016\/j.micpath.2024.107215","article-title":"Probiotic and postbiotic interference exhibit anti-adhesion effects against clinical methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and impede MRSA-induced intestinal epithelial hyper-permeability in HT-29 cell line","volume":"199","author":"Nataraj","year":"2025","journal-title":"Microb Pathog"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"23","DOI":"10.1186\/s40104-023-00830-7","article-title":"Exopolysaccharides of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ameliorate Salmonella typhimurium-induced intestinal inflammation via the TLR4\/NF-\u03baB\/MAPK pathway","volume":"14","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Animal Sci Biotechnol"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6646","DOI":"10.1021\/acs.jafc.0c02267","article-title":"Milk fat globule membrane protects Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG from bile stress by regulating exopolysaccharide production and biofilm formation","volume":"68","author":"Zhang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Agric Food Chem"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"115212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.foodres.2024.115212","article-title":"Lactobacillus reuteri or Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG intervention facilitates gut barrier function, decreases corticosterone and ameliorates social behavior in LPS-exposed offspring","volume":"197","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Food Res Int (Ottawa, Ont)"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"373","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2016.57","article-title":"An LGG-derived protein promotes IgA production through upregulation of APRIL expression in intestinal epithelial cells","volume":"10","author":"Wang","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117","DOI":"10.1038\/mi.2016.43","article-title":"Neonatal colonization of mice with LGG promotes intestinal development and decreases susceptibility to colitis in adulthood","volume":"10","author":"Yan","year":"2017","journal-title":"Mucosal Immunol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1038\/srep22845","article-title":"Immunomodulation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG)-derived soluble factors on antigen-presenting cells of healthy blood donors","volume":"6","author":"Fong","year":"2016","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1172\/JCI174910","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG induces STING-dependent IL-10 in intestinal monocytes and alleviates inflammatory colitis in mice","volume":"135","author":"Si","year":"2025","journal-title":"J Clin Invest"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2190304","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2023.2190304","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ameliorates osteoporosis in ovariectomized rats by regulating the Th17\/Treg balance and gut microbiota structure","volume":"15","author":"Guo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"10554","DOI":"10.1039\/D0FO02124E","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG alleviates \u03b2-conglycinin-induced allergy by regulating the T cell receptor signaling pathway","volume":"11","author":"Chen","year":"2020","journal-title":"Food Funct"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2020.607735","article-title":"Probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG promotes mouse gut microbiota diversity and T cell differentiation","volume":"11","author":"Shi","year":"2020","journal-title":"Front Microbiol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1618","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/80.6.1618","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus induces peripheral hyporesponsiveness in stimulated CD4+ T cells via modulation of dendritic cell function","volume":"80","author":"Braat","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2384553","DOI":"10.1080\/21505594.2024.2384553","article-title":"LGG promotes activation of intestinal ILC3 through TLR2 receptor and inhibits salmonella typhimurium infection in mice","volume":"15","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Virulence"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12650","DOI":"10.1080\/21655979.2022.2070998","article-title":"The amelioration of alcohol-induced liver and intestinal barrier injury by Lactobacillus rhamnosus Gorbach-Goldin (LGG) is dependent on interleukin 22 (IL-22) expression","volume":"13","author":"Ge","year":"2022","journal-title":"Bioengineered"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"620","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izac238","article-title":"Vitamin D3 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG\/p40 synergize to protect mice from colitis by promoting vitamin D receptor expression and epithelial proliferation","volume":"29","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/microorganisms10071276","article-title":"Effects of spore-displayed p75 protein from Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG on the transcriptional response of HT-29 cells","volume":"10","author":"Kang","year":"2022","journal-title":"Microorganisms"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0312318","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0312318","article-title":"The protective effect and immunomodulatory ability of orally administrated Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG against Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection in BALB\/c mice","volume":"19","author":"Long","year":"2024","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1313","DOI":"10.1093\/jn\/nxaa009","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation and barrier dysfunction by regulating MAPK\/NF-\u03baB signaling and modulating metabolome in the piglet intestine","volume":"150","author":"Mao","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Nutr"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"405","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2013.08.020","article-title":"Prebiotic and probiotic supplementation prevents rhinovirus infections in preterm infants: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"133","author":"Luoto","year":"2014","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1020","DOI":"10.1038\/ejcn.2012.62","article-title":"Milk containing probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and respiratory illness in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"66","author":"Kumpu","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1327","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.322.7298.1327","article-title":"Effect of long term consumption of probiotic milk on infections in children attending day care centres: double blind, randomised trial","volume":"322","author":"Hatakka","year":"2001","journal-title":"BMJ (Clinical Res)"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"312","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2009.09.008","article-title":"Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections in children who attend day care centers: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"29","author":"Hojsak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Nutrit (Edinburgh, Scotland)"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1171","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2009-2568","article-title":"Lactobacillus GG in the prevention of nosocomial gastrointestinal and respiratory tract infections","volume":"125","author":"Hojsak","year":"2010","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"979","DOI":"10.1007\/s00431-018-3167-1","article-title":"Probiotics for respiratory tract infections in children attending day care centers-a systematic review","volume":"177","author":"Laursen","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"322","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2007.01.004","article-title":"Effect of Lactobacillus GG supplementation on pulmonary exacerbations in patients with cystic fibrosis: a pilot study","volume":"26","author":"Bruzzese","year":"2007","journal-title":"Clin Nutrit (Edinburgh, Scotland)"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e87796","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0087796","article-title":"Disrupted intestinal microbiota and intestinal inflammation in children with cystic fibrosis and its restoration with Lactobacillus GG: a randomised clinical trial","volume":"9","author":"Bruzzese","year":"2014","journal-title":"PLoS One"},{"key":"ref38","first-page":"669","article-title":"Effects of probiotics on quality of life in children with cystic fibrosis; a randomized controlled trial","volume":"23","author":"Jafari","year":"2013","journal-title":"Iran J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"Cd012949","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD012949.pub2","article-title":"Probiotics for people with cystic fibrosis","volume":"1","author":"Coffey","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"100289","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacig.2024.100289","article-title":"Link between gut microbiota dysbiosis and childhood asthma: insights from a systematic review","volume":"3","author":"Aslam","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol Global"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1028209","DOI":"10.3389\/fimmu.2022.1028209","article-title":"Microbial dysbiosis and childhood asthma development: integrated role of the airway and gut microbiome, environmental exposures, and host metabolic and immune response","volume":"13","author":"Liu","year":"2022","journal-title":"Front Immunol"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.1016\/S2213-2600(20)30052-7","article-title":"Decreasing antibiotic use, the gut microbiota, and asthma incidence in children: evidence from population-based and prospective cohort studies","volume":"8","author":"Patrick","year":"2020","journal-title":"Lancet Respir Med"},{"key":"ref43","first-page":"1","article-title":"Probiotics in children with asthma","volume-title":"Children (Basel, Switzerland)","author":"Ciprandi","year":"2022"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e34916","DOI":"10.1016\/j.heliyon.2024.e34916","article-title":"Intestinal microbiota and probiotic intervention in children with bronchial asthma","volume":"10","author":"Chen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Heliyon"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1155\/2022\/3837418","article-title":"The probiotics in pediatric asthma management (PROPAM) study in the primary care setting: A randomized, controlled, double-blind trial with Ligilactobacillus salivarius LS01 (DSM 22775) and Bifidobacterium breve B632 (DSM 24706)","volume":"2022","author":"Drago","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Immunol Res"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1356","DOI":"10.1111\/all.12700","article-title":"Probiotics for prevention of atopic diseases in infants: systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"70","author":"Zuccotti","year":"2015","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"335","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jaci.2008.11.019","article-title":"Probiotics prevent IgE-associated allergy until age 5 years in cesarean-delivered children but not in the total cohort","volume":"123","author":"Kuitunen","year":"2009","journal-title":"J Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14091852","article-title":"Do probiotics in pregnancy reduce allergies and asthma in infancy and childhood? A systematic review","volume":"14","author":"Colquitt","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1386","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2012.04037.x","article-title":"Prenatal and postnatal probiotics reduces maternal but not childhood allergic diseases: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"42","author":"Ou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Clin Experimental Allergy: J British Society for Allergy and Clinical Immunol"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"509","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1398-9995.2010.02507.x","article-title":"Lactobacillus GG treatment during pregnancy for the prevention of eczema: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"66","author":"Boyle","year":"2011","journal-title":"Allergy"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"324","DOI":"10.2500\/aap.2016.37.3958","article-title":"Effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG and vitamin D supplementation on the immunologic effectiveness of grass-specific sublingual immunotherapy in children with allergy","volume":"37","author":"Jerzynska","year":"2016","journal-title":"Allergy Asthma Proc"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.1542\/peds.2016-3000","article-title":"Early probiotic supplementation for eczema and asthma prevention: A randomized controlled trial","volume":"140","author":"Cabana","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pediatrics"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1398","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2222.2010.03560.x","article-title":"Efficacy of probiotic Lactobacillus GG on allergic sensitization and asthma in infants at risk","volume":"40","author":"Rose","year":"2010","journal-title":"Clin Experimental Allergy: J British Society for Allergy Clin Immunol"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"25","DOI":"10.1186\/s13052-017-0340-5","article-title":"Bifidobacterium mixture (B longum BB536, B infantis M-63, B breve M-16V) treatment in children with seasonal allergic rhinitis and intermittent asthma","volume":"43","author":"Miraglia Del Giudice","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ital J Pediatr"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"52","DOI":"10.1186\/s13073-016-0300-5","article-title":"Alterations in fecal microbiota composition by probiotic supplementation in healthy adults: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials","volume":"8","author":"Kristensen","year":"2016","journal-title":"Genome Med"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"570","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-024-05376-4","article-title":"Gut microbiota-derived acetate attenuates lung injury induced by influenza infection via protecting airway tight junctions","volume":"22","author":"Hu","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Transl Med"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1185","DOI":"10.1038\/s42003-024-06815-0","article-title":"The gut microbiota and its metabolite butyrate shape metabolism and antiviral immunity along the gut-lung axis in the chicken","volume":"7","author":"Saint-Martin","year":"2024","journal-title":"Communications Biol"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms22010065","article-title":"Butyrate and propionate restore the cytokine and house dust mite compromised barrier function of human bronchial airway epithelial cells","volume":"22","author":"Richards","year":"2020","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.1007\/s12016-024-09018-x","article-title":"Short-chain fatty acids: promising therapeutic targets for respiratory syncytial virus infection","volume":"68","author":"Liang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Clin Rev Allergy Immunol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1","DOI":"10.3389\/fcimb.2023.1067367","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG ameliorates noise-induced cognitive deficits and systemic inflammation in rats by modulating the gut-brain axis","volume":"13","author":"Li","year":"2023","journal-title":"Front Cell Infect Microbiol"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14789","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-41763-5","article-title":"Efficient symptomatic treatment and viral load reduction for children with influenza virus infection by nasal-spraying Bacillus spore probiotics","volume":"13","author":"Tran","year":"2023","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"698","DOI":"10.1007\/s11130-023-01120-3","article-title":"Bioengineered wheat Arabinoxylan - fostering next-generation prebiotics targeting health-related gut microbes","volume":"78","author":"Njoku","year":"2023","journal-title":"Plant foods for human Nutrit (Dordrecht, Netherlands)"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117197","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biopha.2024.117197","article-title":"Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG coating with nanocomposite ameliorates intestinal inflammation","volume":"178","author":"Zhai","year":"2024","journal-title":"Biomed Pharmacother"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2025.1553674\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T00:22:26Z","timestamp":1740097346000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2025.1553674\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"references-count":63,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2025.1553674"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2025.1553674","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]]},"article-number":"1553674"}}