{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T15:28:43Z","timestamp":1791559723872,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":114,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750204800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Hyperlipidemia-associated acute pancreatitis (HLAP), an acute inflammatory disorder triggered by dyslipidemia, has witnessed a rising global incidence with significant health implications. The pathogenesis of HLAP involves complex interactions among lipid metabolism dysregulation, inflammatory cascades, and oxidative stress. Conventional therapeutic approaches, while providing partial symptomatic relief, exhibit limitations in addressing individual variability. Precision nutrition management emerges as a novel paradigm integrating multi-omics profiling (genomic, metabolomic) and clinical parameters to develop personalized intervention strategies. This comprehensive review analyzes the pathophysiological mechanisms linking lipid dyshomeostasis to HLAP progression, systematically evaluates the scientific foundation for precision nutrition interventions, and identifies key gaps in current implementation strategies. Furthermore, we examine current research limitations and outline future avenues for enhancing therapeutic efficacy via personalized nutritional interventions.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1583889","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T15:29:56Z","timestamp":1750260596000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Precision nutrition management in hyperlipidemia-associated acute pancreatitis: mechanistic insights and personalized therapeutic approaches"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jingyuan","family":"Ma","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xing","family":"Wan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jifeng","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuyang","family":"Hu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yanna","family":"Ma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunhai","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1251","DOI":"10.1007\/s40265-022-01766-4","article-title":"Acute pancreatitis: diagnosis and treatment","volume":"82","author":"Szatmary","year":"2022","journal-title":"Drugs"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"497","DOI":"10.1097\/MOL.0b013e3283319a1d","article-title":"Severe hypertriglyceridemia and pancreatitis: presentation and management","volume":"20","author":"Ewald","year":"2009","journal-title":"Curr Opin Lipidol"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"504","DOI":"10.1097\/mpa.0000000000000776","article-title":"A study on the etiology, severity, and mortality of 3260 patients with acute pancreatitis according to the revised Atlanta classification in Jiangxi, China over an 8-year period","volume":"46","author":"Zhu","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"947","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2019.09.005","article-title":"A 16-year trend of etiology in acute pancreatitis: the increasing proportion of hypertriglyceridemia-associated acute pancreatitis and its adverse effect on prognosis","volume":"13","author":"Jin","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3946","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v28.i29.3946","article-title":"Incidence and clinical characteristics of Hypertriglyceridemic acute pancreatitis: a retrospective single-center study","volume":"28","author":"Lin","year":"2022","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"689","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2014.08.008","article-title":"Current knowledge of Hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis","volume":"25","author":"Valdivielso","year":"2014","journal-title":"Eur J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3413","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-024-08493-8","article-title":"Hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, body mass index, and the risk of acute pancreatitis","volume":"69","author":"Sun","year":"2024","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"242","DOI":"10.1038\/s41420-024-02007-1","article-title":"Ferroptosis exacerbates Hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis by enhancing lipid peroxidation and modulating the immune microenvironment","volume":"10","author":"Gu","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Death Discov"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"419","DOI":"10.14309\/ajg.0000000000002645","article-title":"American College of Gastroenterology guidelines: management of acute pancreatitis","volume":"119","author":"Tenner","year":"2024","journal-title":"Am J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"57","DOI":"10.1097\/mpa.0000000000000704","article-title":"All-cause and acute pancreatitis health care costs in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"46","author":"Rashid","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"154485","DOI":"10.1016\/j.metabol.2020.154485","article-title":"A three-year review of the management of hypertriglyceridaemia-induced pancreatitis","volume":"116","author":"Krishna","year":"2021","journal-title":"Metabolism"},{"key":"ref12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/s13668-020-00327-z","article-title":"Nutrigenetics\/nutrigenomics, personalized nutrition, and precision healthcare","volume":"9","author":"Marcum","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Nutr Rep"},{"key":"ref13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2045","DOI":"10.21037\/apm-20-1106","article-title":"Treatment of Hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis with modified Dachengqi decoction combining with conventional therapy based on \u201csix-hollow-organs to be unblocked\u201d theory","volume":"9","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Ann Palliat Med"},{"key":"ref14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1457349","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2024.1457349","article-title":"Lipid metabolic profiling and diagnostic model development for Hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis","volume":"15","author":"Ren","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ref15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"7197","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v12.i44.7197","article-title":"Hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis: A case-based review","volume":"12","author":"Gan","year":"2006","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"783","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules27092783","article-title":"Beneficial effect of kidney bean resistant starch on hyperlipidemia-induced acute pancreatitis and related intestinal barrier damage in rats","volume":"27","author":"Zuo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"902","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2017.00902","article-title":"Palmitic acid: physiological role, metabolism and nutritional implications","volume":"8","author":"Carta","year":"2017","journal-title":"Front Physiol"},{"key":"ref18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"13","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1748-1716.2008.01933.x","article-title":"The role of free fatty acids, pancreatic lipase and ca+ Signalling in injury of isolated acinar cells and pancreatitis model in lipoprotein lipase-deficient mice","volume":"195","author":"Yang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Acta Physiol"},{"key":"ref19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"S2","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2017.05.007","article-title":"Is there a threshold unsaturated free fatty acid (Uffa) level causing cell toxicity and death in acute pancreatitis, and are Uffas more toxic than their saturated counterparts?","volume":"17","author":"Phillips","year":"2017","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"ref20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3461","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.3461","article-title":"Hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis: is insulin monotherapy a feasible therapeutic option?","volume":"10","author":"Inayat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"ref21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"383","DOI":"10.1097\/00006676-199811000-00009","article-title":"Involvement of lipid peroxidation in free fatty acid-induced isolated rat pancreatic acinar cell injury","volume":"17","author":"Morita","year":"1998","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"285","DOI":"10.1007\/bf02924368","article-title":"Isolated rat pancreatic acini as a model to study the potential role of lipase in the pathogenesis of acinar cell destruction","volume":"12","author":"M\u00f6ssner","year":"1992","journal-title":"Int J Pancreatol"},{"key":"ref23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"72","DOI":"10.1186\/s12876-022-02146-8","article-title":"Excess fatty acids induce pancreatic acinar cell Pyroptosis through macrophage M1 polarization","volume":"22","author":"Xia","year":"2022","journal-title":"BMC Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"319","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-016-1485-0","article-title":"Regulation of blood flow and volume exchange across the microcirculation","volume":"20","author":"Jacob","year":"2016","journal-title":"Crit Care"},{"key":"ref25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"649","DOI":"10.1177\/2050640618755002","article-title":"Hypertriglyceridemic pancreatitis: epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical management","volume":"6","author":"de Pretis","year":"2018","journal-title":"United European Gastroenterol J"},{"key":"ref26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"G189","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpgi.00304.2003","article-title":"Apoptosis versus necrosis in acute pancreatitis","volume":"286","author":"Bhatia","year":"2004","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol"},{"key":"ref27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3390\/metabo13010004","article-title":"Hemorheological and microcirculatory relations of acute pancreatitis","volume":"13","author":"Kotan","year":"2022","journal-title":"Meta"},{"key":"ref28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"518","DOI":"10.1002\/bjs.5316","article-title":"Disturbances of the microcirculation in acute pancreatitis","volume":"93","author":"Cuthbertson","year":"2006","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111504","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2024.111504","article-title":"Hyperlipidemia exacerbates acute pancreatitis via interactions between P38mapk and oxidative stress","volume":"125","author":"Qiu","year":"2025","journal-title":"Cell Signal"},{"key":"ref30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4771","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v30.i45.4771","article-title":"Reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress in acute pancreatitis: pathogenesis and new therapeutic interventions","volume":"30","author":"Xia","year":"2024","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1128","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-024-51761-w","article-title":"A single-center experience of non-bioartificial Dfapp support systems among Chinese patients with Hyperlipidemic moderate\/severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"14","author":"Cheng","year":"2024","journal-title":"Sci Rep"},{"key":"ref32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3583","DOI":"10.1007\/s10620-020-06072-1","article-title":"Mesna alleviates Cerulein-induced acute pancreatitis by inhibiting the inflammatory response and oxidative stress in experimental rats","volume":"65","author":"Hagar","year":"2020","journal-title":"Dig Dis Sci"},{"key":"ref33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1007\/s12026-024-09588-0","article-title":"Irisin-mediated Keap1 degradation alleviates oxidative stress and ameliorates pancreatitis","volume":"73","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Immunol Res"},{"key":"ref34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"14","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-021-01436-6","article-title":"Familial hypertriglyceridemia: an entity with distinguishable features from other causes of hypertriglyceridemia","volume":"20","author":"Cruz-Bautista","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"ref35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"37","DOI":"10.1016\/j.arteri.2020.12.014","article-title":"Familial hypertriglyceridemia\/polygenic hypertrigliceridemia","volume":"33","author":"Lahoz","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Invest Arterioscler"},{"key":"ref36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e3473","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgab360","article-title":"Rare variants in triglycerides-related genes increase pancreatitis risk in multifactorial Chylomicronemia syndrome","volume":"106","author":"Paquette","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"80","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2018.10.006","article-title":"Severe hypertriglyceridemia is primarily polygenic","volume":"13","author":"Dron","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"ref38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"340","DOI":"10.1111\/joim.13016","article-title":"Familial Chylomicronemia syndrome: an under-recognized cause of severe Hypertriglyceridaemia","volume":"287","author":"Baass","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Intern Med"},{"key":"ref39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"264","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cca.2021.07.022","article-title":"Two novel mutations of the Lpl gene in two Chinese family cases with familial chylomicronemia syndrome","volume":"521","author":"Wang","year":"2021","journal-title":"Clin Chim Acta"},{"key":"ref40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103196","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ifset.2022.103196","article-title":"Nutrigenomics: an inimitable interaction amid genomics, nutrition and health","volume":"82","author":"Mishra","year":"2022","journal-title":"Innov Food Sci Emerg Technol"},{"key":"ref41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"956","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10121956","article-title":"Gender, age, race and lactose intolerance: is there evidence to support a differential symptom response? A scoping review","volume":"10","author":"Lapides","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"673","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16162673","article-title":"Personalized nutrition: tailoring dietary recommendations through genetic insights","volume":"16","author":"Singar","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101940","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tice.2022.101940","article-title":"Rna sequence analysis reveals pathways and candidate genes associated with pancreatic acinar cells injury in a mouse pancreatitis model","volume":"79","author":"Chaoqun","year":"2022","journal-title":"Tissue Cell"},{"key":"ref44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e24","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jacl.2019.04.044","article-title":"Severe combined hyperlipidemia, heterozygous Apoe P.V254e, pancreatitis, diabetes mellitus, and plantar xanthomas*","volume":"13","author":"Cheung","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Clin Lipidol"},{"key":"ref45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"6541","DOI":"10.1210\/jc.2005-1098","article-title":"Long-term course of lipoprotein lipase (Lpl) deficiency due to homozygous Lpl(Arita) in a patient with recurrent pancreatitis, retained glucose tolerance, and atherosclerosis","volume":"90","author":"Kawashiri","year":"2005","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"ref46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"425","DOI":"10.7326\/0003-4819-124-4-199602150-00007","article-title":"Hyperlipidemia and pancreatitis during pregnancy in two sisters with a mutation in the lipoprotein lipase gene","volume":"124","author":"Keilson","year":"1996","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4","DOI":"10.3390\/genes16010004","article-title":"Maximal fat oxidation during exercise in healthy individuals: lack of genetic association with the Fto Rs9939609 polymorphism","volume":"16","author":"Garc\u00eda-Pastor","year":"2024","journal-title":"Genes"},{"key":"ref48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"278","DOI":"10.1186\/s13256-024-04532-0","article-title":"Monogenic hypertriglyceridemia and recurrent pancreatitis in a homozygous carrier of a rare Apoa5 mutation: a case report","volume":"18","author":"Makhmudova","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Med Case Rep"},{"key":"ref49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"12","DOI":"10.1159\/000445350","article-title":"Guide and position of the International Society of Nutrigenetics\/nutrigenomics on personalised nutrition: part 1 - fields of precision nutrition","volume":"9","author":"Ferguson","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Nutrigenet Nutrigenomics"},{"key":"ref50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102808","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2023.102808","article-title":"Role of metabolomics in the delivery of precision nutrition","volume":"65","author":"Brennan","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Biol"},{"key":"ref51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"729","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm12051729","article-title":"Relationship between cholesterol-related lipids and severe acute pancreatitis: from bench to bedside","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Med"},{"key":"ref52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"448","DOI":"10.1159\/000055846","article-title":"Acute and chronic pancreatitis in patients with inborn errors of metabolism","volume":"1","author":"Simon","year":"2001","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"ref53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"795","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2020.06.005","article-title":"Hypertriglyceridemia and acute pancreatitis","volume":"20","author":"Yang","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"ref54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"102400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbpa.2023.102400","article-title":"Nutritional metabolomics: recent developments and future needs","volume":"77","author":"Kortesniemi","year":"2023","journal-title":"Curr Opin Chem Biol"},{"key":"ref55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"441","DOI":"10.1007\/s12328-018-0881-1","article-title":"Hypertriglyceridemia-induced pancreatitis: updated review of current treatment and preventive strategies","volume":"11","author":"Rawla","year":"2018","journal-title":"Clin J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104","DOI":"10.3390\/nu14051104","article-title":"The effect of dietary interventions on hypertriglyceridemia: from public health to molecular nutrition evidence","volume":"14","author":"Luna-Castillo","year":"2022","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref57","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5542342","DOI":"10.1155\/2021\/5542342","article-title":"Dietary Fiber: an opportunity for a global control of hyperlipidemia","volume":"2021","author":"Nie","year":"2021","journal-title":"Oxidative Med Cell Longev"},{"key":"ref58","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1186\/s12944-016-0323-3","article-title":"Synergistic combinatorial Antihyperlipidemic study of selected natural antioxidants; modulatory effects on lipid profile and endogenous antioxidants","volume":"15","author":"Hannan","year":"2016","journal-title":"Lipids Health Dis"},{"key":"ref59","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"563","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tim.2017.11.002","article-title":"Human gut microbiome: function matters","volume":"26","author":"Heintz-Buschart","year":"2018","journal-title":"Trends Microbiol"},{"key":"ref60","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"851","DOI":"10.1007\/s12551-020-00724-2","article-title":"Challenges and emerging systems biology approaches to discover how the human gut microbiome impact host physiology","volume":"12","author":"Qian","year":"2020","journal-title":"Biophys Rev"},{"key":"ref61","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"173","DOI":"10.1016\/j.chom.2023.01.009","article-title":"Gut microbiome lipid metabolism and its impact on host physiology","volume":"31","author":"Brown","year":"2023","journal-title":"Cell Host Microbe"},{"key":"ref62","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"742","DOI":"10.1038\/s41579-019-0256-8","article-title":"Diet-microbiota interactions and personalized nutrition","volume":"17","author":"Kolodziejczyk","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nat Rev Microbiol"},{"key":"ref63","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"64","DOI":"10.1186\/s13099-024-00652-6","article-title":"Intestinal microflora and metabolites affect the progression of acute pancreatitis (Ap)","volume":"16","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut pathogens"},{"key":"ref64","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2187","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v26.i18.2187","article-title":"Role of gut microbiota on intestinal barrier function in acute pancreatitis","volume":"26","author":"Li","year":"2020","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref65","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1492108","DOI":"10.3389\/fmed.2024.1492108","article-title":"Observation on the therapeutic effect of probiotics on early Oral feeding in the treatment of severe acute pancreatitis","volume":"11","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Front Med"},{"key":"ref66","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"224","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v27.i2.224","article-title":"Effect of probiotics on length of hospitalization in mild acute pancreatitis: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"27","author":"Wan","year":"2021","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref67","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"802","DOI":"10.3390\/molecules26226802","article-title":"Soluble dietary fiber, one of the most important nutrients for the gut microbiota","volume":"26","author":"Guan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Molecules"},{"key":"ref68","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"125","DOI":"10.1002\/jpen.1816","article-title":"Soluble dietary Fiber reduces feeding intolerance in severe acute pancreatitis: a randomized study","volume":"45","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr"},{"key":"ref69","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e38265","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000038265","article-title":"Association of Admission Serum Triglyceride Levels with intensive care unit hospitalization rates in acute pancreatitis patients: a retrospective study","volume":"103","author":"Wen","year":"2024","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref70","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"203","DOI":"10.1097\/00004836-200103000-00004","article-title":"Nutrition in acute pancreatitis","volume":"32","author":"Abou-Assi","year":"2001","journal-title":"J Clin Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref71","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e1","DOI":"10.1055\/s-0033-1360016","article-title":"Ern\u00e4hrungsmedizin udDSCJA S3-Leitlinie Der Deutschen Gesellschaft F\u00fcr Ern\u00e4hrungsmedizin (Dgem) in Zusammenarbeit Mit Der Geskes","volume":"39","author":"Plauth","year":"2014","journal-title":"Der Ake Und Der Dgvs"},{"key":"ref72","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"167","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2014.02.008","article-title":"Early and\/or immediately full caloric diet versus standard refeeding in mild acute pancreatitis: a randomized open-label trial","volume":"14","author":"Lari\u00f1o-Noia","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"ref73","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"883","DOI":"10.7326\/m16-2533","article-title":"Early versus delayed feeding in patients with acute pancreatitis: a systematic review","volume":"166","author":"Vaughn","year":"2017","journal-title":"Ann Intern Med"},{"key":"ref74","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1665","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2168.1998.00812.x","article-title":"Enteral nutrition is superior to parenteral nutrition in severe acute pancreatitis: results of a randomized prospective trial","volume":"84","author":"Kalfarentzos","year":"1997","journal-title":"Br J Surg"},{"key":"ref75","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"640","DOI":"10.1097\/MPA.0b013e318271bb61","article-title":"Early enteral nutrition is superior to delayed enteral nutrition for the prevention of infected necrosis and mortality in acute pancreatitis","volume":"42","author":"Wereszczynska-Siemiatkowska","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref76","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"281","DOI":"10.1016\/s2468-1253(18)30036-0","article-title":"Effects of enteral nutrition on gastrointestinal function in patients who are critically ill","volume":"3","author":"Sch\u00f6rghuber","year":"2018","journal-title":"Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol"},{"key":"ref77","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"557","DOI":"10.1097\/MCO.0b013e3283638ed1","article-title":"Nutritional management of acute pancreatitis: the concept of \u2018gut rousing\u2019","volume":"16","author":"Petrov","year":"2013","journal-title":"Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care"},{"key":"ref78","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"266","DOI":"10.1002\/ncp.11266","article-title":"What is the role of parenteral nutrition in the management of the patient with severe acute pancreatitis?","volume":"40","author":"McClave","year":"2024","journal-title":"Nutr Clin Pract"},{"key":"ref79","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"704","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365-2036.2008.03786.x","article-title":"Systematic review: nutritional support in acute pancreatitis","volume":"28","author":"Petrov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Aliment Pharmacol Ther"},{"key":"ref80","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"67","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.07.064","article-title":"American gastroenterological association clinical practice update: management of pancreatic necrosis","volume":"158","author":"Baron","year":"2020","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref81","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1103","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.01.031","article-title":"Initial medical treatment of acute pancreatitis: American Gastroenterological Association Institute technical review","volume":"154","author":"Vege","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref82","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"612","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2020.01.004","article-title":"Espen guideline on clinical nutrition in acute and chronic pancreatitis","volume":"39","author":"Arvanitakis","year":"2020","journal-title":"Clinic Nutr"},{"key":"ref83","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"585","DOI":"10.1016\/j.dld.2017.01.168","article-title":"Early Management of Acute Pancreatitis: a review of the best evidence","volume":"49","author":"Stigliano","year":"2017","journal-title":"Diges Liver Dis"},{"key":"ref84","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"s109","DOI":"10.2450\/2013.0224-12","article-title":"Ulinastatin, a protease inhibitor, may inhibit allogeneic blood transfusion-associated pro-inflammatory cytokines and systemic inflammatory response syndrome and improve postoperative recovery","author":"Shu","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood Trans"},{"key":"ref85","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1096","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2018.01.032","article-title":"American gastroenterological association institute guideline on initial management of acute pancreatitis","volume":"154","author":"Crockett","year":"2018","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref86","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1287","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2020.08.011","article-title":"Class iii obesity rather than metabolic syndrome impacts clinical outcomes of acute pancreatitis: a propensity score weighted analysis","volume":"20","author":"Blaszczak","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"ref87","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"780","DOI":"10.3390\/nu15030780","article-title":"The role of Immunonutrition in patients","volume":"15","author":"Cintoni","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref88","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"16123","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.v20.i43.16123","article-title":"Enteral nutrition in acute pancreatitis: a review of the current evidence","volume":"20","author":"Ol\u00e1h","year":"2014","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref89","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"474","DOI":"10.3748\/wjg.14.474","article-title":"Impact of alanyl-glutamine dipeptide on severe acute pancreatitis in early stage","volume":"14","author":"Xue","year":"2008","journal-title":"World J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref90","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"468","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pan.2013.07.282","article-title":"Glutamine supplementation in acute pancreatitis: a Meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials","volume":"13","author":"Asrani","year":"2013","journal-title":"Pancreatology"},{"key":"ref91","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"35","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clnu.2014.05.008","article-title":"Parenteral Immunonutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Jafari","year":"2015","journal-title":"Clini Nutr"},{"key":"ref92","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e35615","DOI":"10.1097\/md.0000000000035615","article-title":"Efficacy of immune nutrients in severe acute pancreatitis: a network Meta-analysis","volume":"102","author":"Tao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Medicine"},{"key":"ref93","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"107","DOI":"10.2174\/138955708783498122","article-title":"Pharmaconutrition with Omega-3 fatty acids: status quo and further perspectives","volume":"8","author":"Heller","year":"2008","journal-title":"Mini Rev Med Chem"},{"key":"ref94","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"993","DOI":"10.1007\/s11010-020-03965-7","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids: anti-inflammatory and anti-hypertriglyceridemia mechanisms in cardiovascular disease","volume":"476","author":"Shibabaw","year":"2021","journal-title":"Mol Cell Biochem"},{"key":"ref95","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"564","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10111564","article-title":"Glutamine: metabolism and immune function, supplementation and clinical translation","volume":"10","author":"Cruzat","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref96","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"232","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms20205232","article-title":"The role of glutamine in the complex interaction between gut microbiota and health: a narrative review","volume":"20","author":"Perna","year":"2019","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci"},{"key":"ref97","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"338","DOI":"10.1007\/s12664-019-00962-7","article-title":"Efficacy of enteral glutamine supplementation in patients with severe and predicted severe acute pancreatitis- a randomized controlled trial","volume":"38","author":"Arutla","year":"2019","journal-title":"Indian J Gastroenterol"},{"key":"ref98","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"867","DOI":"10.1097\/mpa.0000000000000124","article-title":"Effect of Oral glutamine supplementation on gut permeability and Endotoxemia in patients with severe acute pancreatitis: a randomized controlled trial","volume":"43","author":"Singh","year":"2014","journal-title":"Pancreas"},{"key":"ref99","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1429","DOI":"10.1038\/sj.ejcn.1602664","article-title":"Effects of glutamine-enriched Total parenteral nutrition on acute pancreatitis","volume":"61","author":"Sahin","year":"2007","journal-title":"Eur J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref100","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"236","DOI":"10.1177\/0148607108316189","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids-supplemented parenteral nutrition decreases Hyperinflammatory response and attenuates systemic disease sequelae in severe acute pancreatitis: a randomized and controlled study","volume":"32","author":"Wang","year":"2008","journal-title":"JPEN"},{"key":"ref101","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"977","DOI":"10.3390\/nu10121977","article-title":"Food products as sources of protein and amino acids-the case of Poland","volume":"10","author":"G\u00f3rska-Warsewicz","year":"2018","journal-title":"Nutrients"},{"key":"ref102","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"101","DOI":"10.1002\/mnfr.201300033","article-title":"Arginine and nitric oxide synthase: regulatory mechanisms and cardiovascular aspects","volume":"58","author":"Lorin","year":"2014","journal-title":"Mol Nutr Food Res"},{"key":"ref103","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"429","DOI":"10.1111\/jhn.12816","article-title":"The effect of Immunonutrition in patients with acute pancreatitis: a systematic review and Meta-analysis","volume":"34","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"J Hum Nutr Diet"},{"key":"ref104","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"119","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijsu.2008.01.003","article-title":"Advanced enteral therapy in acute pancreatitis: is there a room for immunonutrition? A meta-analysis","volume":"6","author":"Petrov","year":"2008","journal-title":"Int J Surg"},{"key":"ref105","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"CD010605","DOI":"10.1002\/14651858.CD010605.pub2","article-title":"Enteral nutrition formulations for acute pancreatitis","volume":"2015","author":"Poropat","year":"2015","journal-title":"Cochrane Database Syst Rev"},{"key":"ref106","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"735","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2020.13601","article-title":"Precision nutrition-the answer to \u201cwhat to eat to stay healthy\u201d","volume":"324","author":"Rodgers","year":"2020","journal-title":"JAMA"},{"key":"ref107","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"569","DOI":"10.3803\/EnM.2015.30.4.569","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids may attenuate Streptozotocin-induced pancreatic \u0392-cell death via autophagy activation in Fat1 transgenic mice","volume":"30","author":"Hwang","year":"2015","journal-title":"Endocrinol Metabol"},{"key":"ref108","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e673","DOI":"10.1161\/cir.0000000000000709","article-title":"Omega-3 fatty acids for the Management of Hypertriglyceridemia: a science advisory from the American Heart Association","volume":"140","author":"Skulas-Ray","year":"2019","journal-title":"Circulation"},{"key":"ref109","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"345","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev-food-111317-095850","article-title":"Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and their health benefits","volume":"9","author":"Shahidi","year":"2018","journal-title":"Annu Rev Food Sci Technol"},{"key":"ref110","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2041","DOI":"10.2147\/dmso.S188856","article-title":"Hypertriglyceridemia-related pancreatitis in patients with type 2 diabetes: links and risks","volume":"12","author":"Shemesh","year":"2019","journal-title":"Diab Metab Syndr Obes"},{"key":"ref111","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"53","DOI":"10.1097\/JP9.0000000000000153","article-title":"Hypertriglyceridemia and acute pancreatitis: clinical and basic research\u2014a narrative review","volume":"7","author":"Gao","year":"2024","journal-title":"J Pancreatol"},{"key":"ref112","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1146","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcn\/77.5.1146","article-title":"Effects of dietary fatty acids and carbohydrates on the ratio of serum total to HDL cholesterol and on serum lipids and apolipoproteins: a meta-analysis of 60 controlled trials","volume":"77","author":"Mensink","year":"2003","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref113","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2436949","DOI":"10.1080\/19490976.2024.2436949","article-title":"Dietary inulin ameliorates obesity-induced severe acute pancreatitis via gut-pancreas Axis","volume":"16","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Gut Microbes"},{"key":"ref114","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"97","DOI":"10.3390\/nu16010097","article-title":"Evaluating the impact of omega-3 fatty acid (Soloways(tm)) supplementation on lipid profiles in adults with Pparg polymorphisms: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial","volume":"16","author":"Pokushalov","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nutrients"}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2025.1583889\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]],"date-time":"2025-06-18T15:29:57Z","timestamp":1750260597000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2025.1583889\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"references-count":114,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2025.1583889"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2025.1583889","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,18]]},"article-number":"1583889"}}