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Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rosa roxburghii Tratt (Cili) is a medicinal and edible plant that has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To compare and confirm the potential effects of spontaneous fermented\/raw Cili juice (FCJ\/RCJ) on type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), the constituents of FCJ and RCJ were characterized and compared, high-fat\/high-sugar diet (HFD) and streptozocin (STZ)-induced T2DM-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) model rats were gavaged with FCJ\/RCJ (1.5 mL\/kg\/day) for 20 weeks, after which serum, urine and liver and pancreas tissues were collected for experiments, and urine non-targeted metabolomics and liver transcriptomics analyses were conducted, and enhanced analysis of metabolomics results and the liver transcriptome.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The findings demonstrated that FCJ and RCJ ameliorated hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and abnormal hepatic function; mitigated hepatic lipid accumulation; and restored insulin expression levels. These two kinds of Cili juices can modulate disorders of glucose and lipid metabolism, have anti-inflammatory effects, and improve sterol metabolism and bile acid homeostasis. Joint analysis indicated that the antidiabetic effects of FCJ\/RCJ in rats with T2DM-associated NAFLD are mediated through improvements in insulin sensitivity, fatty acid metabolism, and bile acid homeostasis. Notably, FCJ has a stronger anti-inflammatory effect, whereas RCJ preferentially regulates bile acid homeostasis and mitochondrial \u03b2-oxidation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The in vivo experiments of T2DM-associated NAFLD rats conducted in this study demonstrate that FCJ\/RCJ has the potential to ameliorate metabolic disorders.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1584551","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]],"date-time":"2025-05-19T04:10:55Z","timestamp":1747627855000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Prevention of high-fat\/high-sugar diet-induced type 2 diabetes mellitus-associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in rats with fermented and raw Rosa roxburghii Tratt (Cili) juice"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jingzhi","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haizhi","family":"Li","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Huiru","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liying","family":"Zhu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yiqiong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Changyudong","family":"Huang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuang","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yunfeng","family":"Duan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhaohui","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mi","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuyun","family":"Zhao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wei","family":"Pan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,5,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1500","DOI":"10.1210\/er.2019-00088","article-title":"Genetic risk scores for diabetes diagnosis and precision medicine.","volume":"40","author":"Udler","year":"2019","journal-title":"Endocr Rev."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"88","DOI":"10.1038\/nrendo.2017.151","article-title":"Global aetiology and epidemiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus and its complications.","volume":"14","author":"Zheng","year":"2017","journal-title":"Nat Rev Endocrinol."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e2100275","DOI":"10.1002\/advs.202100275","article-title":"Emerging targets in Type 2 diabetes and diabetic complications.","volume":"8","author":"Demir","year":"2021","journal-title":"Adv Sci (Weinh)."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"987","DOI":"10.1002\/hep.20920","article-title":"Insulin resistance: A metabolic pathway to chronic liver disease.","volume":"42","author":"Bugianesi","year":"2005","journal-title":"Hepatology."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"9309","DOI":"10.3390\/ijms23169309","article-title":"Involvement of ferroptosis in diabetes-induced liver pathology.","volume":"23","author":"Stancic","year":"2022","journal-title":"Int J Mol Sci."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2064","DOI":"10.2337\/dc21-2049","article-title":"Comparison of tofogliflozin and glimepiride effects on nonalcoholic fatty liver disease in participants with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, 48-week, open-label, active-controlled trial.","volume":"45","author":"Takeshita","year":"2022","journal-title":"Diabetes Care."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"202","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2020.03.039","article-title":"A new definition for metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease: An international expert consensus statement.","volume":"73","author":"Eslam","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Hepatol."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e0100","DOI":"10.1097\/CLD.0000000000000100","article-title":"Could the answer to NAFLD be hidden in diabetic therapy? 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