{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T14:51:42Z","timestamp":1787496702060,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":49,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1755734400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Mood disorders, including major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BP), significantly impact global health, with MDD affecting over 300 million people and BP affecting approximately 2% of the world\u2019s population. Ketamine, originally an anesthetic, has emerged as a promising treatment for patients with treatment-resistant depression (TRD), due to its unique pharmacological properties, such as N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism and anti-inflammatory effects. The potential of ketamine in treating depression has sparked debate regarding its effects on appetite. This paper aims to conduct a systematic review focusing on the complex interplay between ketamine treatment and appetite. A total of 78 references were identified from electronic databases: PubMed, Web of Science, APA PsycINFO, and EBSCOhost, with 5 meeting the inclusion criteria for this review, encompassing 678 participants. Appetite was assessed using both clinician-rated and self-reported scales. Two studies reported significant improvement in reduced appetite following ketamine or esketamine treatment; one reported no significant change; one found a paradoxical worsening of reduced appetite; and one noted minimal effect on increased appetite and atypical symptoms. The data presented suggest that in patients with treatment-resistant mood disorders, ketamine may contribute to the improvement of depressive symptoms, including those related to appetite, or may exhibit neutral effects on food consumption desire. Appetite measurement may be a valuable indicator of the antidepressant effect, facilitating signal detection for substances beyond traditional monoaminergic antidepressants. Despite limited data, establishing a confirmed link between appetite and antidepressants could aid in treatment planning, particularly for patients with metabolic disorders or those at risk of malnutrition, potentially improving adherence and outcomes in treatment-resistant mood disorders.<\/jats:p>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    <jats:bold>Systematic review registration<\/jats:bold>\n                    <jats:uri>https:\/\/www.crd.york.ac.uk\/PROSPERO\/view\/CRD42024510640<\/jats:uri>\n                    , identifier CRD42024588790.\n                  <\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1616859","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]],"date-time":"2025-08-21T06:52:16Z","timestamp":1755759136000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Appetite measures as correlates of clinical response in mood disorders treated with ketamine: systematic review"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jakub","family":"S\u0142upski","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Agnieszka","family":"Mechli\u0144ska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Adam","family":"W\u0142odarczyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleksander","family":"Kwa\u015bny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Joanna","family":"Szarmach","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"S\u0142upska","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Wieslaw Jerzy","family":"Cuba\u0142a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","first-page":"1077","article-title":"Ketamine for the treatment of major depression: a systematic review and meta-analysis","volume":"30","author":"McIntyre","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Psychopharmacol"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e073591","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj-2022-073591","article-title":"Diagnosis and management of bipolar disorders","volume":"381","author":"Goes","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"4181","DOI":"10.1111\/bph.15596","article-title":"Perspectives for therapy of treatment-resistant depression","volume":"179","author":"Papp","year":"2022","journal-title":"Br J 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