{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,23]],"date-time":"2026-03-23T11:04:24Z","timestamp":1774263864625,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1756684800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>There is an emerging need for plant-based options for home enteral tube feeding (HETF) patients, however their long-term efficacy and safety needs to be established.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Forty-one HETF patients (age: 51\u202fyears (SD 23); range 19\u201384\u202fyears; 54% male) participated in a multi-center, prospective, single-arm, open label, 13-month intervention study of a plant-based, high energy, high protein (2\u202fkcaL\/mL and 10\u202fg protein\/100\u202fmL) enteral tube feed with or without added fiber (1.5\u202fg\/100\u202fmL). Seventeen patients continued on the plant-based feed beyond day 28 (28\u202fD) with a 6- and 13-month follow-up (6\u202fM and 13\u202fM). Outcomes included gastrointestinal tolerance (GI), anthropometrics, muscle strength and function (handgrip strength, 30-s chair stand test (30SCST)), dietary intake, total daily feed volume and time for feeding, and safety.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Compared to patient\u2019s baseline feeding regimen, patients using the plant-based feed reported: greater absence of GI symptoms at all time points (+7\u201312%, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f\u2264\u202f0.04); a reduced incidence and intensity of GI symptoms: bloating, burping at 28\u202fD (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05) and constipation, flatulence at 13\u202fM (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05); improved physical function between 6\u202fM and 13\u202fM (+2 30SCST repetitions, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f=\u202f0.02), with maintenance of body weight, calf circumference and handgrip strength; total protein intake increased at all time points (+0.2\u20130.3\u202fg\/kg\/day, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05); and total daily feed volume (\u2212225 to \u2212264\u202fmL\/day, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05) and estimated time for pump feeding (\u22122\u202fh\/day, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.05) reduced at all time points.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>This longitudinal study highlights that a plant-based (vegan-suitable) high energy, high protein enteral tube feed has good tolerance in HETF patients, positive long-term effects on protein intake and potential benefits on physical function.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1621993","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,1]],"date-time":"2025-09-01T05:31:41Z","timestamp":1756704701000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["A multi-center, 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