{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,28]],"date-time":"2025-11-28T12:39:29Z","timestamp":1764333569466,"version":"3.41.2"},"reference-count":60,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,9]],"date-time":"2025-07-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752019200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tropomyosin (TM) is the primary allergen in <jats:italic>Litopenaeus vannamei<\/jats:italic>, which usually causes allergic reactions that may be health or even life-threatening for consumers. Therefore, exploring the sensitization mechanism is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of tropomyosin allergy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods and results<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this study, TM sensitization models were using Balb\/c mice, Caco-2 cells and RBL-2H3 cells to reveal the sensitization effect. The results of ELISA and RT-qPCR showed that TM can exacerbate the allergic reaction by reducing the mRNA expression of tight junction (TJ) proteins (such as ZO-1, claudin-3, Occludin) in the jejunum, destroying the intestinal barrier function, increasing the permeability, and promoting the release of inflammatory factors (such as IL-8, TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic>) and histamine. The pathological results of intestinal tissue sections showed that TM also caused an increase in intestinal inflammatory infiltration in mice. RNA-seq analysis revealed that key genes (CCL2, HSP1A, GM-CSF, etc.) and PI3K\/Akt signaling pathway were involved in the sensitization process. <jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic> experiments were conducted to construct TM sensitized Caco-2 and RBL-2H3 cell models at a dose of 100 mg\/mL. The results indicated that TM upregulated the expression of phosphorylated PI3K\/ Akt and NF\u03baB pathways in Caco-2 cells, further damaged the TJ structure of intestinal epithelial cells and promoted the release of inflammatory factors. The RBL-2H3 cell degranulation assay indicated that TM could directly stimulate the release of TNF-<jats:italic>\u03b1<\/jats:italic> from mast cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The above experimental results indicated that PI3K\/Akt signaling pathways play a crucial role in the induction of TM allergic responses, which provides a theoretical basis for the occurrence, development and prevention of TM allergy.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1623971","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T05:47:00Z","timestamp":1752126420000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["RNA-seq analysis of shrimp tropomyosin-induced allergic reactions through PI3K\/Akt 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