{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,7]],"date-time":"2026-03-07T21:11:38Z","timestamp":1772917898056,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":56,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750809600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Backgrounds<\/jats:title><jats:p>Myocardial impairment resulting from cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) contributes to the elevated mortality in diabetes. Luteolin, a naturally occurring polyphenolic compound abundant in vegetables, fruits, and nuts, has been shown to mitigate myocardial I\/R injury in diabetes by suppressing oxidative stress. However, whether luteolin confers cardioprotection following cardiac arrest (CA) and CPR in diabetes remains unclear. Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3), a mitochondrial deacetylase, has been reported to attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy by reducing oxidative stress and inflammation-mediated necroptosis. Recent evidence suggests that luteolin can upregulate Sirt3 and enhance mitochondrial function. Thus, we hypothesized that luteolin may alleviate post-CA\/CPR myocardial injury in diabetes by inhibiting necroptosis through activation of the Sirt3 signaling pathway.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Diabetes was induced in male Sprague-Dawley rats via a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (65 mg\/kg). Rats were then treated with luteolin (100 mg\/kg, i.g.) or Sirt3 inhibitor 3-TYP for 2 weeks. Subsequently, diabetic rats were subjected to 5 min of asphyxia-induced CA followed by CPR. After 6 h of resuscitation, left ventricular function, myocardial infarction, oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokine release, mitochondrial function, necroptosis-associated protein expression, and both Sirt3 expression and enzymatic activity were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Luteolin significantly improved post-resuscitation cardiac function and reduced myocardial infarction, oxidative stress, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in diabetic rats. It also inhibited cytosolic Ca<jats:sup>2+<\/jats:sup> overload, mitochondrial permeability transition pore opening, and loss of mitochondrial membrane potential. Additionally, luteolin activated Sirt3 and superoxide dismutase 2. Importantly, luteolin increased the expression of Sirt3 and suppressed necroptosis by down-regulating phosphorylated receptor-interacting protein kinase 3 and phosphorylated mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein. The cardioprotective effects of luteolin were abrogated by co-administration of 3-TYP, indicating a critical role for Sirt3 in mediating these benefits.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Luteolin protects diabetic hearts after CA\/CPR by suppressing necroptosis, primarily through activation of Sirt3, which dampens oxidative stress and inflammation, and maintains mitochondrial integrity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1626020","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T04:10:42Z","timestamp":1750824642000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Luteolin reduces necroptosis in the diabetic heart after cardiac arrest and resuscitation by activating sirtuin 3"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Jin-Ting","family":"Yang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chun-Yan","family":"Jiang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Zi-Yan","family":"Zhang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Li-Hui","family":"Tang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yang-Yun","family":"Lou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ling-Bo","family":"Qian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"253","DOI":"10.1186\/s12933-024-02358-0","article-title":"Prevalence and incidence of heart failure in type 2 diabetes patients: Results from a nationwide prospective cohort-the DIABETIC study.","volume":"23","author":"Gonzalez-Manzanares","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diabetol."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"117158","DOI":"10.1016\/j.atherosclerosis.2023.06.005","article-title":"Cardiovascular disease in type 1 diabetes, an underestimated danger: Epidemiological and pathophysiological data.","volume":"394","author":"Verg\u00e8s","year":"2024","journal-title":"Atherosclerosis."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"685","DOI":"10.1038\/s41569-023-00877-z","article-title":"Cardiovascular risk in diabetes mellitus: Epidemiology, assessment and prevention.","volume":"20","author":"Wong","year":"2023","journal-title":"Nat Rev Cardiol."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1887","DOI":"10.1161\/circresaha.116.304521","article-title":"The spectrum of epidemiology underlying sudden cardiac death.","volume":"116","author":"Hayashi","year":"2015","journal-title":"Circ Res."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"61","DOI":"10.1186\/s13054-020-2773-2","article-title":"The global survival rate among adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A systematic review and meta-analysis.","volume":"24","author":"Yan","year":"2020","journal-title":"Crit Care."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"418","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cjca.2022.01.001","article-title":"Sudden cardiac death in diabetes and obesity: Mechanisms and therapeutic strategies.","volume":"38","author":"Remme","year":"2022","journal-title":"Can J Cardiol."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"112","DOI":"10.1007\/s11886-020-01366-2","article-title":"Diabetes and the risk of sudden cardiac death.","volume":"22","author":"Svane","year":"2020","journal-title":"Curr Cardiol Rep."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177212","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2024.177212","article-title":"Effects of canagliflozin preconditioning on post-resuscitation myocardial function in a diabetic rat model of cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.","volume":"988","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2699","DOI":"10.1093\/eurheartj\/ehz891","article-title":"Sudden cardiac death among persons with diabetes aged 1-49 years: A 10-year nationwide study of 14 294 deaths in Denmark.","volume":"41","author":"Lynge","year":"2020","journal-title":"Eur Heart J."},{"key":"B10","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e031655","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2019-031655","article-title":"Systematic review of the relationship between comorbidity and out-of-hospital cardiac arrest outcomes.","volume":"9","author":"Majewski","year":"2019","journal-title":"BMJ Open."},{"key":"B11","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"3562","DOI":"10.1039\/d0fo02942d","article-title":"Sestrin2 is involved in the Nrf2-regulated antioxidative signaling pathway in luteolin-induced prevention of the diabetic rat heart from ischemia\/reperfusion injury.","volume":"12","author":"Zhou","year":"2021","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B12","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1463","DOI":"10.1177\/2047487318756420","article-title":"Signaling mediators modulated by cardioprotective interventions in healthy and diabetic myocardium with ischaemia-reperfusion injury.","volume":"25","author":"Saeid","year":"2018","journal-title":"Eur J Prev Cardiol."},{"key":"B13","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"111344","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cellsig.2024.111344","article-title":"TRPC6 regulates necroptosis in myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury via Ca(2+)\/CaMKII signaling pathway.","volume":"122","author":"Li","year":"2024","journal-title":"Cell Signal."},{"key":"B14","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1791","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.123.068595","article-title":"Extracellular RIPK3 acts as a damage-associated molecular pattern to exaggerate cardiac ischemia\/reperfusion injury.","volume":"150","author":"Zhang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B15","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"103400","DOI":"10.1016\/j.redox.2024.103400","article-title":"LGR6 protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via suppressing necroptosis.","volume":"78","author":"Zhao","year":"2024","journal-title":"Redox Biol."},{"key":"B16","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1112","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2009.05.037","article-title":"Phosphorylation-driven assembly of the RIP1-RIP3 complex regulates programmed necrosis and virus-induced inflammation.","volume":"137","author":"Cho","year":"2009","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B17","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116951","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bcp.2025.116951","article-title":"Necroptosis: A significant and promising target for intervention of cardiovascular disease.","volume":"237","author":"Ji","year":"2025","journal-title":"Biochem Pharmacol."},{"key":"B18","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"213","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cell.2011.11.031","article-title":"Mixed lineage kinase domain-like protein mediates necrosis signaling downstream of RIP3 kinase.","volume":"148","author":"Sun","year":"2012","journal-title":"Cell."},{"key":"B19","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tem.2023.10.010","article-title":"Regulated cell death in myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury.","volume":"35","author":"Xiang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Trends Endocrinol Metab."},{"key":"B20","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"105432","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phrs.2021.105432","article-title":"SIRT3 as a potential therapeutic target for heart failure.","volume":"165","author":"Chen","year":"2021","journal-title":"Pharmacol Res."},{"key":"B21","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2158526","DOI":"10.1080\/13510002.2022.2158526","article-title":"Dexmedetomidine postconditioning attenuates myocardial ischemia\/reperfusion injury by activating the Nrf2\/Sirt3\/SOD2 signaling pathway in the rats.","volume":"28","author":"Hu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Redox Rep."},{"key":"B22","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1537","DOI":"10.1161\/circulationaha.122.059631","article-title":"FGF21-Sirtuin 3 axis confers the protective effects of exercise against diabetic cardiomyopathy by governing mitochondrial integrity.","volume":"146","author":"Jin","year":"2022","journal-title":"Circulation."},{"key":"B23","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1094","DOI":"10.3389\/fphys.2018.01094","article-title":"Acetylation of mitochondrial proteins in the heart: The role of SIRT3.","volume":"9","author":"Parodi-Rull\u00e1n","year":"2018","journal-title":"Front Physiol."},{"key":"B24","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"200","DOI":"10.3390\/antiox12010200","article-title":"Dihydromyricetin attenuates diabetic cardiomyopathy by inhibiting oxidative stress, inflammation and necroptosis via sirtuin 3 activation.","volume":"12","author":"Chen","year":"2023","journal-title":"Antioxidants."},{"key":"B25","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e13051","DOI":"10.1111\/cpr.13051","article-title":"Hypertrophic preconditioning attenuates myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury by modulating SIRT3-SOD2-mROS-dependent autophagy.","volume":"54","author":"Ma","year":"2021","journal-title":"Cell Prolif."},{"key":"B26","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"156260","DOI":"10.1016\/j.phymed.2024.156260","article-title":"Salvianolic acid B alleviated myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury via modulating SIRT3-mediated crosstalk between mitochondrial ROS and NLRP3.","volume":"136","author":"Wei","year":"2025","journal-title":"Phytomedicine."},{"key":"B27","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"237","DOI":"10.1016\/j.freeradbiomed.2025.01.018","article-title":"AdipoRon ameliorates chronic ethanol induced cardiac necroptosis by reducing ceramide mediated mtROS.","volume":"229","author":"Qian","year":"2025","journal-title":"Free Radic Biol Med."},{"key":"B28","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"127","DOI":"10.1097\/shk.0000000000002366","article-title":"Sirt3 mediates the cardioprotective effect of therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest and resuscitation by restoring autophagic flux via the PI3K\/Akt\/mTOR pathway.","volume":"62","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Shock."},{"key":"B29","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2719252","DOI":"10.1155\/2019\/2719252","article-title":"Luteolin attenuates cardiac ischemia\/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats by modulating Nrf2 antioxidative function.","volume":"2019","author":"Xiao","year":"2019","journal-title":"Oxid Med Cell Longev."},{"key":"B30","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2499","DOI":"10.1007\/s11064-020-03108-w","article-title":"Luteolin protects against CIRI, potentially via regulation of the SIRT3\/AMPK\/mTOR signaling pathway.","volume":"45","author":"Liu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Neurochem Res."},{"key":"B31","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"728261","DOI":"10.3389\/fphar.2021.728261","article-title":"Luteolin prevents UVB-induced skin photoaging damage by modulating SIRT3\/ROS\/MAPK signaling: An in vitro and in vivo studies.","volume":"12","author":"Mu","year":"2021","journal-title":"Front Pharmacol."},{"key":"B32","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"108","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bbrc.2023.04.023","article-title":"Luteolin ameliorates necroptosis in glucocorticoid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head via RIPK1\/RIPK3\/MLKL pathway based on network pharmacology analysis.","volume":"661","author":"Xu","year":"2023","journal-title":"Biochem Biophys Res Commun."},{"key":"B33","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176292","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176292","article-title":"Melatonin protects against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury by inhibiting excessive mitophagy through the Apelin\/SIRT3 signaling axis.","volume":"963","author":"Wang","year":"2024","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B34","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"219","DOI":"10.1186\/s12974-020-01879-1","article-title":"NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated microglial pyroptosis is critically involved in the development of post-cardiac arrest brain injury.","volume":"17","author":"Chang","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Neuroinflamm."},{"key":"B35","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2740","DOI":"10.1039\/d2fo03871d","article-title":"The protection of luteolin against diabetic cardiomyopathy in rats is related to reversing JNK-suppressed autophagy.","volume":"14","author":"Xiao","year":"2023","journal-title":"Food Funct."},{"key":"B36","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"177259","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2025.177259","article-title":"Luteolin alleviates diabetic cardiac injury related to inhibiting SHP2\/STAT3 pathway.","volume":"989","author":"Pan","year":"2025","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B37","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e14397","DOI":"10.1111\/jfbc.14397","article-title":"Twelve weeks of treadmill exercise training with green tea extract reduces myocardial oxidative stress and alleviates cardiomyocyte apoptosis in aging rat: The emerging role of BNIP3 and HIF-1\u03b1\/IGFBP3 pathway.","volume":"46","author":"Arabzadeh","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Food Biochem."},{"key":"B38","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"104526","DOI":"10.1016\/j.etap.2024.104526","article-title":"Mechanistic insights into acetamiprid-induced genotoxicity on the myocardium and potential ameliorative role of resveratrol.","volume":"110","author":"Abdelrahman","year":"2024","journal-title":"Environ Toxicol Pharmacol."},{"key":"B39","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1939","DOI":"10.1006\/jmcc.1998.0752","article-title":"Detection of oxidative DNA damage to ischemic reperfused rat hearts by 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine formation.","volume":"30","author":"Cordis","year":"1998","journal-title":"J Mol Cell Cardiol."},{"key":"B40","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"176069","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2023.176069","article-title":"Naringin improves post-ischemic myocardial injury by activation of K(ATP) channels.","volume":"958","author":"Araujo","year":"2023","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B41","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"H256","DOI":"10.1152\/ajpheart.2000.278.1.H256","article-title":"Cholesterol feeding exacerbates myocardial injury in Zucker diabetic fatty rats.","volume":"278","author":"Hoshida","year":"2000","journal-title":"Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol."},{"key":"B42","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"453","DOI":"10.21037\/cdt-20-129","article-title":"Pyrroloquinoline quinone can prevent chronic heart failure by regulating mitochondrial function.","volume":"10","author":"Xu","year":"2020","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Diagn Ther."},{"key":"B43","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"976","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-024-01424-3","article-title":"Nicotinamide mononucleotide protects septic hearts in mice via preventing cyclophilin F modification and lysosomal dysfunction.","volume":"46","author":"Ni","year":"2025","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin."},{"key":"B44","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1023","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmet.2022.05.005","article-title":"Deubiquitinase OTUD3 regulates metabolism homeostasis in response to nutritional stresses.","volume":"34","author":"Zhou","year":"2022","journal-title":"Cell Metab."},{"key":"B45","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"349","DOI":"10.1097\/fjc.0000000000000202","article-title":"Cardioprotective effects of luteolin on ischemia\/reperfusion injury in diabetic rats are modulated by eNOS and the mitochondrial permeability transition pathway.","volume":"65","author":"Yang","year":"2015","journal-title":"J Cardiovasc Pharmacol."},{"key":"B46","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2145","DOI":"10.1083\/jcb.105.5.2145","article-title":"Fura-2 measurement of cytosolic free Ca2+ in monolayers and suspensions of various types of animal cells.","volume":"105","author":"Malgaroli","year":"1987","journal-title":"J Cell Biol."},{"key":"B47","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejphar.2012.01.047","article-title":"The cardioprotective effect of TG-6, a newly synthesized compound, on ischemia-reperfusion injury in rats.","volume":"683","author":"Zhou","year":"2012","journal-title":"Eur J Pharmacol."},{"key":"B48","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"411","DOI":"10.1093\/cvr\/cvt056","article-title":"Enhanced cell-volume regulation in cyclosporin A cardioprotection.","volume":"98","author":"Diaz","year":"2013","journal-title":"Cardiovasc Res."},{"key":"B49","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"49","DOI":"10.1186\/s40360-021-00518-6","article-title":"Mitochondrial targeted antioxidants, mitoquinone and SKQ1, not vitamin C, mitigate doxorubicin-induced damage in H9c2 myoblast: Pretreatment vs. co-treatment.","volume":"22","author":"Sacks","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Pharmacol Toxicol."},{"key":"B50","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"109190","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cbi.2020.109190","article-title":"BAY60-2770 attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by decreased oxidative stress and enhanced autophagy.","volume":"328","author":"Zhao","year":"2020","journal-title":"Chem Biol Interact."},{"key":"B51","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"931","DOI":"10.1002\/ehf2.14235","article-title":"Berberine up-regulates miR-340-5p to protect myocardial ischaemia\/reperfusion from HMGB1-mediated inflammatory injury.","volume":"10","author":"Long","year":"2023","journal-title":"ESC Heart Fail."},{"key":"B52","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"332","DOI":"10.1126\/science.1172308","article-title":"RIP3, an energy metabolism regulator that switches TNF-induced cell death from apoptosis to necrosis.","volume":"325","author":"Zhang","year":"2009","journal-title":"Science."},{"key":"B53","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"311","DOI":"10.1038\/nature14191","article-title":"Necroptosis and its role in inflammation.","volume":"517","author":"Pasparakis","year":"2015","journal-title":"Nature."},{"key":"B54","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e106700","DOI":"10.15252\/embj.2020106700","article-title":"Cell death pathways: Intricate connections and disease implications.","volume":"40","author":"Kist","year":"2021","journal-title":"EMBO J."},{"key":"B55","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1521","DOI":"10.1038\/s41401-023-01068-9","article-title":"Regulated cell death pathways in cardiomyopathy.","volume":"44","author":"Sheng","year":"2023","journal-title":"Acta Pharmacol Sin."},{"key":"B56","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70071","DOI":"10.1002\/fsn3.70071","article-title":"Luteolin inhibits dexamethasone-induced osteoporosis by autophagy activation through miR-125b-5p\/SIRT3\/AMPK\/mTOR axis, an in vitro and in vivo study.","volume":"13","author":"Tang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Food Sci Nutr."}],"container-title":["Frontiers in Nutrition"],"original-title":[],"link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2025.1626020\/full","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]],"date-time":"2025-06-25T04:10:43Z","timestamp":1750824643000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/www.frontiersin.org\/articles\/10.3389\/fnut.2025.1626020\/full"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"references-count":56,"alternative-id":["10.3389\/fnut.2025.1626020"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/fnut.2025.1626020","relation":{},"ISSN":["2296-861X"],"issn-type":[{"value":"2296-861X","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,25]]},"article-number":"1626020"}}