{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:22:34Z","timestamp":1787026954546,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":39,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1750377600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>While vitamin D\u2083 (VD\u2083) has been implicated in Alzheimer\u2019s disease (AD) prevention, limited evidence exists among centenarians\u2014particularly women\u2014who exhibit unique cognitive aging trajectories. This study aimed to examine the association between serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] levels and AD risk in Chinese female centenarians.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We included 514 female participants aged \u2265100\u202fyears from the China Healthy Longevity Multicenter Study (CHLMS). AD was diagnosed using education-adjusted MMSE thresholds and clinical exclusion of non-AD dementias. Serum 25(OH)D and biochemical markers were measured using standardized laboratory protocols. Logistic regression models (unadjusted and progressively adjusted) assessed associations between 25(OH)D and AD. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) and piecewise regressions evaluated non-linear and threshold effects, while subgroup analyses explored effect modification.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Higher serum 25(OH)D levels were independently associated with lower odds of AD (adjusted OR per 1\u202fng\/mL: 0.95; 95% CI: 0.90\u20131.00;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.037). Compared to the lowest quartile, participants in the highest quartile had an 87% reduced risk (OR\u202f=\u202f0.13; 95% CI: 0.03\u20130.50;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f=\u202f0.007). RCS analysis revealed a significant inverse dose\u2013response relationship, with a potential threshold effect observed at 29.3\u202fng\/mL. Piecewise regression confirmed that the protective association was strongest below this threshold. Subgroup analyses across smoking, hypertension, and early-life indicators showed consistent effects with no significant interactions.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Among Chinese female centenarians, serum vitamin D\u2083 levels are inversely associated with AD risk in a dose-dependent manner, particularly below 29.3\u202fng\/mL. These findings highlight the relevance of vitamin D\u2083 as a potentially modifiable factor in cognitive aging and support further interventional studies in the oldest-old population.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1628732","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]],"date-time":"2025-06-20T07:26:42Z","timestamp":1750404402000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["The relationship between vitamin D levels and Alzheimer\u2019s disease risk: insights from a centenarian study of Chinese women"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Yupeng","family":"Li","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xujie","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Fei","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dong","family":"Song","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Musong","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xu","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hongzhou","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jiangbo","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shihui","family":"Fu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xuhui","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"937486","DOI":"10.3389\/fnagi.2022.937486","article-title":"Global, 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