{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,23]],"date-time":"2026-08-23T18:26:28Z","timestamp":1787509588377,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":51,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752105600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study explores associations of maternal organic food consumption and diet quality during pregnancy with pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) risk in offspring, including Crohn\u2019s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Pregnant mothers and their offspring were enrolled in the Danish National Birth Cohort, a nationwide prospective cohort study, in 1996\u20132002. In gestational week 30, telephone interviews assessed overall maternal organic food consumption during pregnancy. In gestational week 25, a food frequency questionnaire assessed maternal diet during the previous 4 weeks, including six different organic food types (eggs, dairy, meat, fruit, vegetables, and cereals). A Healthy Eating Index evaluated maternal diet quality based on adherence to Danish official dietary guidelines. Offspring with pediatric-onset IBD (\u226418\u202fyears) were identified in national patient registries. Cox regression explored associations of maternal organic food consumption and diet quality during pregnancy with offspring\u2019s risk of pediatric-onset IBD, CD, and UC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The study included 60,274 singleton mother\u2013child pairs, of which 168 children developed pediatric-onset IBD. Frequent maternal organic food consumption during pregnancy was not significantly associated with offspring\u2019s IBD risk (HR: 0.63; 95% CI: 0.33\u20131.19). However, frequent organic food consumption during pregnancy, particularly organic eggs and dairy, lowered offspring\u2019s risk of CD (HR: 0.40; 95% CI: 0.17\u20130.94), but not UC (HR: 1.11; 95% CI: 0.41\u20133.00). Maternal diet quality during pregnancy was not significantly associated with offspring\u2019s risk of IBD (HR: 0.99; 95% CI: 0.97\u20131.01), CD, and UC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this large prospective cohort study, we show that maternal organic food consumption, particularly eggs and dairy, during pregnancy may lower offspring\u2019s risk of pediatric-onset CD, but not UC.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1632729","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]],"date-time":"2025-07-10T04:12:07Z","timestamp":1752120727000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Impact of maternal organic food consumption and diet quality during pregnancy on offspring\u2019s risk of inflammatory bowel disease: findings from a Danish National Birth Cohort Study"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Olivia Mariella","family":"Anneberg","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sjurdur Frodi","family":"Olsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Vinkel","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Ahrendt","family":"Bjerregaard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thorhallur Ingi","family":"Halldorsson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tine","family":"Jess","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maiara","family":"Brusco De Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e065186","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2022-065186","article-title":"Global, regional and national burden of inflammatory bowel disease in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: a systematic analysis based on the global burden of disease study 2019","volume":"13","author":"Wang","year":"2023","journal-title":"BMJ Open"},{"key":"ref2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"376","DOI":"10.1093\/ibd\/izae093","article-title":"Global epidemiology and geographic variations of pediatric-onset inflammatory bowel disease: a comprehensive analysis of the global burden of disease study 1990 to 2019","volume":"31","author":"Wang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Inflamm Bowel Dis"},{"key":"ref3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"647","DOI":"10.1053\/j.gastro.2019.04.016","article-title":"Environmental risk factors for inflammatory bowel diseases: an umbrella review of Meta-analyses","volume":"157","author":"Piovani","year":"2019","journal-title":"Gastroenterology"},{"key":"ref4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"477","DOI":"10.1136\/gutjnl-2024-332523","article-title":"Emerging role of environmental pollutants in inflammatory bowel disease risk, outcomes and underlying mechanisms","volume":"74","author":"Estevinho","year":"2025","journal-title":"Gut"},{"key":"ref5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"96","DOI":"10.1186\/s40168-023-01546-6","article-title":"Maternal Western diet mediates susceptibility of offspring to Crohn's-like colitis by deoxycholate generation","volume":"11","author":"Huang","year":"2023","journal-title":"Microbiome"},{"key":"ref6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"32","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajcnut.2024.10.017","article-title":"Maternal diet in pregnancy and the risk of inflammatory bowel disease in the offspring: a prospective cohort study","volume":"121","author":"Guo","year":"2025","journal-title":"Am J Clin Nutr"},{"key":"ref7","article-title":"Regulation (EU) 2018\/848 of the European Parliament and of the council of 30 may 2018 on organic production and labelling of organic products and repealing council regulation (EC) no 834\/2007","volume":"61","year":"2018","journal-title":"Off J Eur Union"},{"key":"ref8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"116306","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envpol.2020.116306","article-title":"Exposure to nitenpyram during pregnancy causes colonic mucosal damage and non-alcoholic steatohepatitis in mouse offspring: the role of gut microbiota","volume":"271","author":"Yan","year":"2021","journal-title":"Environ Pollut"},{"key":"ref9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1253","DOI":"10.1007\/s00394-022-03063-y","article-title":"Perigestational exposure of a combination of a high-fat diet and pesticide impacts the metabolic and microbiotic status of dams and pups; 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