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Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Metabolic Associated Steatosis Liver Disease (MASLD) and its advanced form, Metabolic Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH), represent growing global health concerns closely linked to obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), and metabolic syndrome. The gut microbiome has emerged as a key modulator in MASLD pathogenesis through the gut\u2013liver axis, influencing hepatic fat accumulation, inflammation, and fibrosis via microbial metabolites and immune responses. Dysbiosis\u2013characterized by altered microbial diversity and composition\u2013contributes to hepatic lipid dysregulation, systemic inflammation, and impaired bile acid signaling. Metabolites such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), and ethanol play critical roles in disease progression. Recent innovations in precision medicine, including microbiome profiling, metabolomics, and genomics, offer promising diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Targeted probiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), and personalized dietary interventions are under investigation for modulating the gut microbiome. This systematic review, conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines, is the first to comprehensively integrate both animal and human studies on MASLD\/MASH-related gut microbiome alterations. It uniquely synthesizes microbial taxa, functional metabolites, and region-specific patterns\u2013including data from underrepresented MENA populations. Eligible studies from PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science evaluated microbial composition, metabolite profiles, and associations with steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. The findings underscore the diagnostic and therapeutic potential of microbiome modulation and emphasize the need for longitudinal, mechanistically driven studies. This systematic review is the first to integrate both animal and human studies on MASLD\/MASH-related gut microbiome alterations. Unlike previous reviews, it uniquely emphasizes microbial taxa, functional metabolites, and region-specific patterns, including underrepresented MENA populations. By synthesizing findings from diverse cohorts, this review highlights diagnostic and therapeutic opportunities while identifying persistent gaps in longitudinal data, regional representation, and multi-omics integration.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1637071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T18:15:50Z","timestamp":1757528150000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":32,"title":["\u201cTrust your gut\u201d: exploring the connection between gut microbiome dysbiosis and the advancement of Metabolic Associated Steatosis Liver Disease (MASLD)\/Metabolic Associated Steatohepatitis (MASH): a systematic review of animal and human studies"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Wesam","family":"Bahitham","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yusra","family":"Banoun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mutep","family":"Aljahdali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ghufran","family":"Almuaiqly","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shahad M.","family":"Bahshwan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Linah","family":"Aljahdali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Faisal M.","family":"Sanai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandre S.","family":"Rosado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Consolato M.","family":"Sergi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"2691","DOI":"10.1210\/clinem\/dgac321","article-title":"Global prevalence and clinical characteristics of metabolic-associated fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis and systematic review of 10 739 607 individuals.","volume":"107","author":"Chan","year":"2022","journal-title":"J Clin Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"151","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2018.09.014","article-title":"Burden of liver diseases in the world.","volume":"70","author":"Asrani","year":"2019","journal-title":"J Hepatol"},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"22522","DOI":"10.1021\/acsomega.2c01801","article-title":"Identify functional lncRNAs in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease by constructing a ceRNA network.","volume":"7","author":"Xue","year":"2022","journal-title":"ACS Omega"},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"421","DOI":"10.4103\/ijem.IJEM_585_17","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus.","volume":"22","author":"Dharmalingam","year":"2018","journal-title":"Indian J Endocrinol Metab"},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"211","DOI":"10.4103\/sjg.SJG_122_18","article-title":"Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease burden - 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