{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:22:33Z","timestamp":1787026953309,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":68,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1759276800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study investigated the relationship between depression and constipation and examined potential mediating roles of dietary inflammatory index (DII) and socioeconomic status using data from NHANES 2005\u20132010.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>We analyzed 12,854 adults with complete data on depression (PHQ-9), constipation (self-report\/Bristol Stool Scale), DII (27 nutrients), and poverty-to-income ratio (PIR). Statistical analyses included multivariable logistic regression with appropriate reference categories, restricted cubic splines (RCS), mediation analysis, and subgroup assessments.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Constipated individuals exhibited significantly higher depression severity (mean PHQ-9: 4.25 vs. 3.00), higher DII (2.00 vs. 1.37), and lower PIR (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u202f&amp;lt;\u202f0.0001). After adjustments, PHQ-9 scores were independently associated with constipation risk (OR: 1.04, 95% CI: 1.03\u20131.06), with a non-linear relationship showing an inflection point at PHQ-9\u202f=\u202f10 (scores &amp;lt;10: OR\u202f=\u202f1.08; scores \u226510: OR\u202f=\u202f0.98). Statistical mediation analysis revealed that DII mediated 6.03% and PIR mediated 12.46% of the depression\u2013constipation association. Subgroup analyses demonstrated consistent associations across all demographic and clinical subgroups (OR range: 1.04\u20131.14).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This cross-sectional study demonstrates a significant non-linear relationship between depression and constipation, partially mediated by dietary inflammation and socioeconomic status. Longitudinal studies are needed to establish causality and directionality between these variables.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1668654","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]],"date-time":"2025-10-01T04:17:09Z","timestamp":1759292229000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Dietary inflammation and socioeconomic status mediate depression\u2013constipation link: a cross-sectional analysis of NHANES 2005\u20132010"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Qiulu","family":"Huang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Haifang","family":"Zhou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mei","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yilin","family":"Meng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lina","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"ref1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"5476","DOI":"10.12998\/wjcc.v12.i24.5476","article-title":"Exploration of the complex origins of primary 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