{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,31]],"date-time":"2026-08-31T03:21:20Z","timestamp":1788146480983,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":322,"publisher":"Frontiers Media SA","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1765756800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"https:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["frontiersin.org"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Front. Nutr."],"abstract":"<jats:p>Dementia is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that represents a growing challenge to global health, especially in aging populations. The burden of dementia is high in rural communities, where access to healthcare services, nutritional resources, and educational opportunities is significantly limited. A critical knowledge gap exists regarding how rural-specific nutritional disparities mechanistically interact with gut\u2013brain axis dysfunction to influence dementia risk. The gut-brain axis mediates neuroimmune communication, metabolic regulation, and microbial signaling, and nutritional insufficiency is associated with reduced microbial diversity, impaired short-chain fatty acid (SCFAs) production, increased intestinal permeability, and heightened systemic inflammatory activity, all of which contribute to neurodegenerative processes. This review delineates the mechanistic pathways linking malnutrition-induced gut dysregulation to neuronal injury and cognitive decline, with a specific focus on rural populations. We further evaluate the biological actions of key nutraceutical classes, including phytochemicals (curcumin, resveratrol, sulforaphane, ginkgo biloba), vitamins (B12, C, E, and D), and metabolic\/dietary interventions (omega-3 fatty acids, ketogenic diet, Mediterranean diet, trehalose). By consolidating preclinical and clinical evidence, we identify the molecular targets through which these nutraceuticals modulate oxidative stress, inflammatory signaling networks, blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity, and microRNA regulation. In summary, our findings suggest that nutraceutical-based approaches targeting gut-brain axis dysfunction may provide a feasible and biologically informed strategy for mitigating dementia disparities in rural settings.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.3389\/fnut.2025.1677197","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]],"date-time":"2025-12-15T05:25:43Z","timestamp":1765776343000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3389\/crossmark-policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Nutritional strategies against dementia in rural populations"],"prefix":"10.3389","volume":"12","author":[{"given":"Bruno S.","family":"Goncalves","sequence":"first","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Naga L.","family":"Gannavaram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Cohen","family":"Yates","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aishniya","family":"Kandula","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Aleen","family":"Nayyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sneha S.","family":"Pillai","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ridhi K.","family":"Puri","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Asma","family":"Nayyar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"1965","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,12,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"B1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"122","DOI":"10.1186\/s13195-024-01482-z","article-title":"Effects of intensive lifestyle changes on the progression of mild cognitive impairment or early dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: a randomized, controlled clinical trial","volume":"16","author":"Ornish","year":"2024","journal-title":"Alzheimers Res Ther."},{"key":"B2","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"834","DOI":"10.1212\/CON.0000000000001137","article-title":"Neuropathology of dementia disorders","volume":"28","author":"Schneider","year":"2022","journal-title":"Continuum."},{"key":"B3","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"772","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-024-03340-9","article-title":"Lifetime risk and projected burden of dementia","volume":"31","author":"Fang","year":"2025","journal-title":"Nat Med."},{"key":"B4","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"1213","DOI":"10.1002\/alz.12285","article-title":"Rural-urban differences in diagnostic incidence and prevalence of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias","volume":"17","author":"Rahman","year":"2021","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"B5","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"314","DOI":"10.1111\/jrh.12155","article-title":"Rural-urban differences in alzheimer's disease and related disorders diagnostic prevalence in Kentucky and West Virginia","volume":"32","author":"Abner","year":"2016","journal-title":"J Rural Health."},{"key":"B6","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"e70047","DOI":"10.1002\/trc2.70047","article-title":"Rural-urban disparities of Alzheimer's disease and related dementias: a scoping review","volume":"11","author":"Kramer","year":"2025","journal-title":"Alzheimers Dement."},{"key":"B7","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"965","DOI":"10.1177\/0898264317703560","article-title":"Cognition and context: rural-urban differences in cognitive aging among older Mexican adults","volume":"30","author":"Saenz","year":"2018","journal-title":"J Aging Health."},{"key":"B8","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"957","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(21)01330-1","article-title":"Worldwide trends in hypertension prevalence and progress in treatment and control from 1990 to 2019: a pooled analysis of 1201 population-representative studies with 104 million participants","volume":"398","year":"2021","journal-title":"Lancet."},{"key":"B9","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","first-page":"533","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6918a1","article-title":"Prevalence of self-reported hypertension and antihypertensive medication use by county and rural-urban classification - 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